188 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 



Of the many perversions and changes that have taken place in the names of 

 our Indian tribes, that of loway, (or Iowa, as now spelled), is not more marked 

 than that of many others but an explanation of this instance will serve as an index 

 to the many errors with which our Indian nomenclature is crowded. The word 

 loway has been made up from the Dacotah designation of the tribe, Ayuliapa, by 

 taking the first two syllables Ayu, and adding to it one of the common French 

 terminations to tribal names, either vols, vais, or ouez, as this was the manner in 

 which the name first appears in early French annals. For instance in LaHarpe's- 

 narrative of LaSuer's expedition to the Blue Earth region in 1700, they are men- 

 tioned as Ayavois ; in Penicant's narrative of the same expedition they are called 

 Aiavos. Charlevoix in his History of New France, 1722, speaks of them as 

 Aiouez. On the map of De Lisle, published at Paris, 1703, in what is now the 

 State of Iowa, on a small stream an Indian camp is represented with the follow- 

 ing legend, " Village des Aiaoues on Pantez." One hundred years later Lewis 

 and Clark mention them as Ayauways. Lieut. Z. M. Pike who ascended the 

 Mississippi in 1805, mentions that the Aiowais were called Nez Perce by the- 

 French, which means pierced noses, but why he does not state, nor is it true 

 that this tribe were more in the habit of wearing ornaments in their nose thaa 

 others. 



The name which the loways gave themselves is Pa-hutchae, which means- 

 dusty heads. The prefix '*' Pa" anciently signified head, and the origin of the 

 name is accounted in the fact that they lived for many years on the Upper Mis- 

 souri and were accustomed to bathe in its yellow muddy water, and when they 

 dried off after coming out, the sediment of the water remained on their heads 

 making them look dusty and gray. 



The first mention of the tribe is found on Marquette's map drawn in 1673, 

 where under the name Pahutet they are located as living on the Missouri above 

 th&Omahas and Otoes, and which was their location until the establishment of 

 French posts on the lakes and near the Mississippi drew them east for the pur- 

 pose of trade. 



The friendly relations existing between the Sacs and Foxes and lowas at the 

 beginning of the present century did not date back to the time when the tribes 

 first became known to the French. Under date of July 10, 1700, Father Marest 

 of the Jesuit Mission on the Illinois, wrote to Le Suer as follows: " I have the 

 honor to write in order to inform you that the Sauks (Sacs) have been defeated 

 by the Sioux and Ayavois. These people have formed an alliance with the Kick- 

 apoos, Mecoutins, Foxes and Metsegamies and have gone to revenge themselves,, 

 not on the Sioux for they are too powerful, but perhaps on the Ayavois, or more 

 probably upon the Osages who suspect nothing. 



