210 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 



ravine, densely overgrown with trees and vines, from which we soon emerged to 

 find ourselves on the banks of the great turbid river. Following the banks a 

 distance of one hundred yards down stream we came upon a spring, which made 

 its appearance some thirty feet above the surface of the river, at the head of the 

 alluvial and cliff deposit, lying in a steep slant against the cliffs. Coming out of 

 a cave-like opening, it rushes in a series of zigzag leaps over moss-covered rocks 

 into the river. The volume of water is large enough to drive a good sized flour- 

 ing mill. The face of the cliff from the outlet of this spring extends upward near- 

 ly one hundred feet, the top overhanging six or eight feet, giving the whole a 

 concave appearance, which accounts for the preservation of the pictographs. At 

 the height of forty -five feet, immediately over the spring, is the largest group of 

 pictographs (No. I). About five feet beneath the figures a narrow ledge extends 

 along the cliff" which served as a foothold for the artists. The ledge is accessible 

 from points east and west of the pictographs, but it requires a person of no ordi- 

 nary nerve to climb up to it. 



The relative position of the figures in group i corresponds with those on the 

 cliff. 



This group seems to indicate the record of some important event, as the hu- 

 man figures express wonder, though the other figures are such as to leave one in 

 doubt as to their significance. Commencing at the west end of group i we come 

 to Fig. I, of oval shape, 8xio inches in diameter, surrounded by Fig. 2, a semi- 

 circle, which measures 14 inches across the ends, and is 2 inches wide. Fig. 3 

 somewhat resembling an Australian boomerang, measures 15 inches across the 

 end and is one and one-half inches wide near the angle ; the dot above it meas- 

 ures a little more than an inch; Fig. 4, length 13 inches; Fig. 5, length 25 inches ; 

 Fig. 6, diam. 4 inches; Fig. 7, length 6 inches; Fig. 8, diam. of circles 4 inches, 

 distance apart 8 inches; Figs. 9 and 10, diameter 2^^ inches, 6 inches apart. 

 There are several more figures to the right of and belonging to this group, but 

 they were grown over with American ivy (Ampelopsis Quinquefolia) to such an 

 extent that I found it useless to try to sketch them. 



A few rods west we find group No. II at about the same altitude containing 

 two very striking figures. Fig. 1 1 is very distinct, about 7 feet above a ledge 

 easy of access, and measures 13 inches each way. Fig. 12 represents a man, 

 with an ornamental head dress and frog-like extremities, also expressing surprise. 

 Some 300 yards up the river group No. Ill is located, with three more figures, 

 one being nearly obliterated; of the remaining two, Fig. 13 is a good representa- 

 tion of a turkey almost life size. The other. Fig. 14, is a circle of 16 inches in 

 diameter. These last figures are fifteen to twenty feet above any foot-hold, and 

 could not have been reached without the aid of a ladder. The paint used was 

 the so-called "keel," which had been ground up and mixed with water or fat, 

 and applied with the fingers, or a rude brush. 



