. ANTHROPOLOGY, 365 



same ideas, if not similar legends and traditions, had existed, as those which origi- 

 nated the gigantom ixia of Pergamos. 



Amo.ngSt their numerous and striking examples of these forms in Great Brit- 

 ain, corresponding with the animal and human forms in America, were some very 

 remarkable and yet but little-known representations of the human form belonging 

 to a rude and unlettered age, perhaps corresponding to that of the semi-barbarous 

 age of Mexico, which are found on the coasts of Devonshire and South Wales 

 sculptured in stone, a very remarkable example of which also existed near West 

 Hoathly, m Sussex, which was traditionally stated to have been worshiped as a 

 potent deity (the Goddess Andras) by the early Keltic inhabitants. In the vicin- 

 ity of these rude figures in the western and eastern extremities of the South of 

 England, were two enormous intaglio representations of the human form, corre- 

 sponding to the intaglio forms at Milwaukee, in Wisconsin, only one of which had 

 been mentioned, and that in a very cursory manner, by writers on the compari- 

 son of these works with those of America, while their surroundings had been 

 completely overlooked. The one not referred to was by far the more important, 

 both in size and similarity, being in the exact attitude of the mounds in the hu- 

 man form of the American mound-builders. About midway between these two 

 figures was an equally enormous and well-known representation by intaglio of a 

 horse. 



These figures were all cut in the chalk hills, and might be said to be protect- 

 ing deities of the three locaUties in England most abounding in remarkable and 

 vast areas of camps, oppida or settlements, and places of worship. The whole 

 district from Dorsetshire to Land's End being commanded by the gigantic form 

 in Dorsetshire ; that of the miles of stone avenues on both sides of the Medway 

 in Kent, terminated by Kit's Coity House at one end, sev-ral alees converts at the 

 other, with the huge stone figure at West Hoathley and the wood of Anderida to 

 the south, were commanded by the similar gigantic intaglio figure in Sussex ; and 

 the central and more important districts of Stonehenge, with the primitive and 

 stupendous temple of Avebury, its sinuous avenues of stone, and extensive earth 

 embankments, the great tumulus of Silbury Hill, the avenues of stones near 

 Amesbury, in the style of those at Carnac in Brittany, the large number of camps, 

 the trilithon called the "Devil's Den," and the great dolmen known as " Wey- 

 land Smith's Cave," appear under the protection of the " White Horse." 



Metallurgy, a great feature with the mound-builders of the Mississippi, was 

 also the peculiar occupation of one, if not of two, of these three districts of 

 southern England and of many of the other localities in which similar works were 

 found in Europe and Asia. And such metallurgy was for all utilitarian purposes 

 confined in every such country in which these works exist to the two metals — tin 

 and copper — and analysis showed the proportions in the amalgamation of those 

 metals to have approximated in America, Europe and Asia. The parallelism 

 went further and was continuous in its track eastward. Brittany, Spain and 

 France on each side of the Pyrenees, and so on to Asia Minor had the same com- 

 bined features. In the valley of the Meander in Lydia, the vast figure of " Ni- 



