474 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 



ered by the cerebrum. We must now notice, as we ascend the scale, the relation 

 of the cerebrum and cerebellum have to the facial angle, for where the angle is in- 

 creased, we have an increase of lapping of the cerebrum over the cerebellum. 

 This increase of lapping and an approach to right angles is accompanied by an 

 increase of resemblance in the teeth to the human molar tooth. In the same class 

 with the tiger, are the lion, cat, etc. We notice that the teeth of the carnivora are 

 different in shape and size from the fish and reptile, at the same time we find that, 

 while the brains of the two latter are smooth and free from convolutions, the 

 brains of carnivora have some convolutions and a certain depth to the sulci. 

 Here it is seen that the brain develops toward man, as also do the teeth. The 

 average weight of the cat's brain is one ounce and a drachm. 



The dentition of the dog is similar to that of wolves and foxes, but the dog 

 has a larger range of diet owing to the molars being tuberculated in addition to 

 the full armament of sharply-pointed teeth. With the tuberculated molars of the 

 dog, we have a greater facial angle, consequently more lapping of cerebrum, more 

 convolutions and greater depth of sulci, in all of which the dog is superior to 

 the preceding animals. In the ox we have a strictly herbivorous animal, belong- 

 ing to the class termed Raminantia, comprising the deer, antelope, camel, sheep, 

 giraffe, etc. In the typical Ruminantia, sheep, oxen, etc., there are no incisors 

 in the upper jaw and no canines in either. The ox has six molars made up of 

 circles of enamel, dentine and cementum. The molar teeth are an improvement 

 upon the dog's, and the brain weigh sixteen ounces and fifteen drachms. 



In the horse we find that there are incisors and molars in both upper and low- 

 er jaws; the horse has canines, but ihe mare has not. The molars are moulded 

 upon the same plan as the ox, but the brain case is larger and weighs more in pro- 

 portion, twenty-two ounces and fifteen drachms. The facial angle of the horse is 

 greater, there are more convolutions and greater depth of sulci. The intelligence 

 of a horse above most other animals is a well established fact. 



The Chimpanzee in form and structure exhibits the greatest resemblance to 

 man. The Chimpanzee is the highest form of brute, just as the Australian is one 

 of the lowest forms of man. The Chimpanzees are gregarious animals; they 

 walk erect with their hands upon their thighs, they are said to build huts and live in 

 settlements. The face also resembles man, but the outline is rather concave. 

 The facial angle is a low as 35° but increases when measured over the supercili- 

 ary ridge. The proportion of brain to face is very nearly equal, the latter pre- 

 ponderating. In no animal do we find so much brain- matter, in proportion to 

 the face, as in the Chimpanzee. The dental arrangement of this animal is differ- 

 ent from the human species although having the same number of teeth, and the 

 molars and bicuspids very similar in shape, yet the canines and incisors are very 

 large, with spaces between them for the antagonizing teeth to rest between. The 

 cerebrum in the Chimpanzee very nearly covers the cerebellum; more convolutions 

 and a greater number of sulci are found. The walls of the brain case are thin- 

 ner than the lower brutes, the rule being, the more contracted the brain, the 

 thicker the walls of the skull. 



