TEETH AND BRAIN. 475 



The Chimpanzees belong to the group known as the Anthropoidal or man 

 like apes, which includes the Gorilla, Orang and Gibbon. This group have the 

 same number of teeth as man, the same number of incisors, canines, bicuspids 

 -and molars, thirty-two teeth in all, while their deciduous or milk-teeth are the 

 same as in man, twenty in number. The brain of the man differs far less from 

 the brain of this group, than does the brain of some of the lowest animals. The 

 ■Gorilla is much heavier than man yet its brain weighs about twenty ounces while 

 the smallest, healthy human brain would not be less than thirty-two ounces. The 

 size of the Gorilla's brain is larger than the preceding animals when compared in 

 -size with the weight of the animal. 



There is a vast difference between civilized man and the lowest savage ; 

 difference in cerebral area, in physiognomy, in regularity of teeth ; but however 

 vast that might be, it is immaterial as compared to the contrast in these respects 

 presented by the lowest form of man and the highest form of brute species. 

 The connecting link between the lowest races of man and the highest brutes is 

 yet to be found. 



In the Australian we find the lowest order of intellectual ability, especially 

 amongst the Papuans. They reckon time by dry or rainy seasons, and number 

 only up to ten, they have no religion, their marriage ceremony consists of each eat- 

 ing half a roasted banana. There is a great prominence of the superior maxillse, 

 with recession of the frontal eminence. The cerebral area is much less than in the 

 European, and vastly more than in the Chimpanzee, the facial angle is between 80° 

 and 85°, and there is some prominence of the superior canines. What has been 

 said of the Australian is true of the African to a great extent, but the Negro is 

 superior to the Australian, in cerebral development. 



Man has the straightest form, the only being that walks erect, that has a 

 perfect dental arch, no one tooth above its fellow, that has a gradual change from 

 the cutting tooth (incisors) to the grinding tooth (molar), and that has the cere- 

 brum completely covering the cerebellum, also having the largest brain known, 

 except the whale and the elephant. Man's brain averages in weight forty-eight 

 and one-half ounces, or a trifle more than three pounds, also a facial angle of 95° ; 

 the Greeks adopted for their beau ideal of the beautiful and intellectual, a facial 



.angle of 100°. 



The preponderance of the brain over the face is very noticeable in the Eu- 

 ropean head. In the dog it was about one-third, in the Chimpanzee less than 



-one-half, while in the European, the brain occupies by far the largest part of the 

 head. In man's brain the convolutions are numerous and the sulci deep, in ac- 

 cordance with the intellectual development; again, see what a subordinate posi- 

 tion the animal cerebellum has under the intellectual cerebrum. In animals with 



^carnivorous and herbivorous teeth the cerebellum is the dominating power; in man, 

 with teeth for a mixed diet, the cerebrum holds the sceptre and everything is sub- 

 servient to it. 



We have described the skull, brain, and teeth of the human species, also the 



-same parts of several animals of different orders. We have pen-sketched the pro- 



