SEWER GAS AND ITS DANGER TO HEALTH. 571 



VALUE. 



VALUE OF VALUE OF VALUE OF VALUE OF TOTAL 



LEAD. SILVER. GOLD. ORE. VALUE. 



Total ist quarter . $1,169,037 $2,328,248 $61,120 $ 485,762 $4,044,167 



Total 2d quarter . 1,020,779 2,093,301 49,720 599,059 3,773,772 



Total 3d quarter . 1,130,351 1,988,142 130,960 1,326,111 4,575'334 



Total 4th quarter . 942,977 1,827,561 78,457 1,885,134 4,734,129 



Total for year 1882. $4, 263,044 $8,237,252 $320,257 $4,296,066 $17,127,402 



Total for 1881 amounted to $13,170 576, showing an increase this year of 

 $3-956,826. In figuring the commercial value of the last quarter's product, silver 

 is calculated at $1.11 per ounce, and lead 4"8 per pound. Previous productions 

 were calculated on a fair average of the ruling quotations at the time. — Engineer- 

 ing and Mining Journal. 



MEDICINE AND HYGIENE. 



SEWER GAS AND ITS DANGER TO HEALTH. 



WM. PAUL GERHARD, C. AND S. E. 



Many erroneous ideas still prevail about sewer gas and its danger to health 

 which arises, by having so-called ''modern conveniences" in our dwellings. It 

 is the purpose of this paper, without in any way adding to the "plumbing scare," 

 clearly to define wherein the danger consists, but at the same time to establish 

 rules for the proper draining and plumbing of houses, which, if carefully observ- 

 ed, will secure to the anxious house owner work of superior quality and of a posi- 

 tively safe character. 



Plumbing fixtures, which were considered a luxury years ago, are now be- 

 lieved to be necessary, not only for comfort and convenience, but also, and even 

 more. so, for health and for cleanliness. Even a small house is nowadays gener- 

 ally provided with a kitchen sink, a water closet, and sometimes a bath-tub, 

 while in a costly modern residence, arranged with an elaborate system of plumb- 

 ing, we find kitchen, pantry and scullery sinks, slop sinks, laundry tubs, station- 

 ary wash-basins in closets near bed-rooms, a great number of bath or dressing- 

 rooms, with water-closets, urinals, bath and foot tubs, bidets and other fixtures. 



The suggestions and recommendations of this report apply with equal force 

 to the drainage and plumbing of tenements, small houses, costly residences, 

 villas, apartment houses, hotels, factories, school houses or public buildings. As 

 every plumbing fixture is not only an outlet for the waste water to the drain, but 

 possibly may become an inlet for drain air, the danger increases with thenurhber 



