636 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 



terms of his own intelligence, those actions which seemingly correspond to his 

 own desires, and there are few works on this subject in which constant evidence 

 is not given of its presence. In experimenting with the animals which form the 

 subject of this paper, the difficulty was constantly met with, and a large propor- 

 tion of the phenomena observed were set aside, reluctantly in many cases, be- 

 cause of the doubt. 



In the slow development of anatomical structure, the presence or absence of 

 a single bone or muscle must be of vast importance in working out the pedigree 

 of an organism, and enough has been said to show how varied are the directions- 

 in which man's alUances seem to point. 



It is held generally, in popular misconceptions of the doctrine of evolution, 

 that man is a direct descendant of the higher apes, and the gorilla is commonly 

 looked. on as. being his nearest progenitor. From the standpoint of science, how- 

 ever, no student of biology will maintain that the ancestry of man has yet been 

 fully traced, but will limit himself to the conviction that at some period of the 

 prehistoric world, the forces of nature, acting from without, on the plastic ma- 

 terials of life, have brought down from an unknown point of departure — perhaps 

 among the lemurs — two diverging lines of development, one of which finds its 

 present type in man, the other in the Catarrhine monkeys and their highest form 

 — the anthropoids. 



Perhaps the future of science may unfold the details of development, but to- 

 do this it is probable that ages of geological upheaval will be required to bring 

 above the ocean continents long buried, in which the process took place and in 

 which the records are contained. 



Manlike as are the apes, there is a contrast which the resemblance serves, in 

 great part, but to intensify — anatomy finds similarity throughout and takes note of 

 little that is unlike, while function, based upon these structures, has become so 

 specialized and elevated dujing progress from the lower to the higher, as to become 

 almost difference, and man and ape are in fact, as in time, separated by a gulf so 

 vast that the furthest reach of science can catch, as yet, but shadowy outlines 

 of the other side. — American Naturalist. 



THE CLIFF-DWELLERS OF THE NEW MEXICAN CANONS. 



The archaeological and ethnological explorations in the southwestern terri- 

 tory, of which the 7}7Z'«^;Zi? published an account at the close of last season's work, 

 have been continued with success under the direction of Prof. Powell during the 

 season which has just ended. The wisdom of Congress in making provision for 

 this work three or four years ago is becoming strikingly apparent as the railroads 

 extend their lines into this, the most interesting region to the archaeologist within 

 the borders of the republic. Private collectors and specimen hunters are now 

 overrunning the places which are thus made accessible, and all that remains of 

 scientific interest which is movable becomes their spoil. The already abundant 



