22 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
rent, carrying stones and sand which grind and bruise and open out the jointed 
rocks into great caves and subterranean courses. ‘These, when tapped at lower 
levels, are soon left dry, and offer to prowling beasts of prey a safe retreat, and 
often man availed himself of them, as testify the Adullamites and Troglodytes of 
every age. 
From such a cave up in the crags of Craven some evidence is adduced tha 
man existed far back into Glacial times, and this, perhaps, is the best case that. 
has been urged* There a large group of animals, such as occur elsewhere along 
with man, and more doubtfully, traces of man himself, were found in beds over 
lapped by Glacial clay which had sealed up the mouth of the vast den in which 
these relics lay. This excavation I have watched myself at intervals from the 
commencement, and I hold that as the cliff fell back by wet or frost, and limestone 
fragments fell over the cave mouth, with them also came masses of clay, which, 
since the Glacial times, had lain in hollows in the rock above. We dug and found 
such there, and, more, I observed that the clay lay across the mouth as though it 
had thus fallen, and not as if it came direct from Glacial ice that pushed its way 
athwart the crag in which the cave occurs. It seemed to have fallen obliquely 
from the side where the fissured rock more readily yielded to the atmospheric 
waste, so that it somewhat underlay the part immediately above the cave. On 
the inside the muddy water which collected after flood, held back by all this clay, 
filled every crevice and the intervals between the fallen limestone rock, while still 
outside was the open /a/us of angular fragments known as ‘‘screes.” 
These are the most important cases that I know where man has been referred. 
to Glacial or inter-Glacial times; but, all, it seems to me, quite inconclusive. On 
the contrary, there is much in them, and much besides, pointing the other way. 
In support of which opinion I will now offer some independent evidence, showing 
that some similar beds with man and the beasts that are found with him in earli- 
est times can be proved to be post-Glacial. * * * 
[ Remarks on the foregoing paper by Professor W. Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S.| 
I entirely hold with Professor Hughes in the view which he takes relating to. 
the antiquity of man, and the necessity of looking narrowly into facts bearing on 
the question. All the alleged cases of the existence of man before the Palao- 
lithic age, on the Continent, seem to me on a careful inquiry to be unsatisfactory. 
If the flints found at Thenay, and supposed to prove the existence of Miocene 
man, be artificial, and be derived from a Miocene stratum, there is, to my mind, 
an insuperable difficulty in holding them to be the handiwork of man. Seeing 
that no existing species of quadruped was then alive, it is to me perfectly incredi- 
ble that man, the most highly specialized of all, should have been living at that 
time. The flints shown in Paris by Professor Gaudry appear to be artificial ; 
while those in the Museum of St. Germain appear to be partly artificial and. 
partly natural, some of the former, from their condition, having been obviously 
picked up on the surface of the ground. The cuts on the Miocene fossil bones. 
*Tiddeman, Brit. Assoc. Reports, 1870-8. 
