80 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
in its character in one and the same individual, according to its psychical condi- 
tion. If the vapors or gases thus emitted by two animated beings are in harmony, 
the result is sympathy or attraction, If they disagree, the consequence is antipa- 
thy, showing itself as hatred in the strong and as fear in the weak. This, it will 
be doubtless admitted, is a possible explanation of some of the phenomena above 
noticed; but is it the true or the only one? Do such emanations really exist? 
It is, we think, certain that many animals become aware of the presence either 
of their prey, of an enemy, or of a friend, by the sense of smell, even at very con- 
siderable distances. Our lamented friend Thomas Belt was led to the conclusion 
that ants are able to communicate with each other by means of this sense, and have 
in fact a smell-language. Unfortunately the sense of smell is so weak in man that 
it becomes very difficult for us to decide. 
Prof. Jager holds that certain decompositions take place in the animal system 
in strict accord with psychic changes. All observers, he tells us, agree that mus- 
cular exertion effects but a very trifling increase of the nitrogenous compounds 
present in the urine. On the other hand, Dr. Boecker and Dr. Benecke* have 
proved that intense pleasurable excitement effects a very notable increase of the 
nitrogenous products in the urine, derived, as a matter of course, from the de- 
composition of the albuminoid matter in the system. Prout and Haughton have 
made a similar observation concerning the effects of alarm and anxiety. Hence, 
therefore, it would appear that strong emotion involves an extensive decomposi- 
tion of nitrogenous matter, and in particular of its least stable portion, the al- 
buminous compounds. But does the whole of the matter thus split up reappear 
in the urine? Prof. Jager thinks that a portion escapes in a volatile state, form- 
ing the odorous emanations above mentioned. TZzzs portion he considers ts the soul, 
which exists in a state of combination in the molecule of the albumen, and is lib- 
erated under the influence of psychic activity. Hence his soul, like the body, is 
not a unitary entity, called once for all into existence, but is a something perpet- 
ually secreted, and as perpetually given off. It pervades the entire system. Each 
organ has its distinct psychogen, all of which, however, are merely differentiations 
of the one primary ovum-psychogen. Further modifications take place from time 
to time, in accordance with the mental condition of the man or other animal. It 
will here be remembered that, according to Haeckel (‘‘ Die Heutige Entwickel- 
ungslehre in Verhaltnis zur Gesammt-wissenschaft”’), all organic matter, if not 
matter altogether, is be-souled. Even the ‘‘plastidules’’—the molecules of 
protoplasm—possess souls. , 
In support of the assumption that a volatile something is given off from albu- 
men, Prof. Jager gives the following delicate experiment :—If we prepare, from 
the blood or the flesh of any animal, albumen as pure as possible, and free from 
smell and taste, and treat it with an acid, there appears a volatile matter which is 
perfectly specific, differing in the case of each animal species. But this odor 
varies according to the intensity of the chemical action. If this is slight we per- 
ceive the specific ‘‘ bouillon odor” which the flesh of the animal in question gives 
*Pathologie des Stoffwechsels | 
