86 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
Since the end of the lower miocene, the mammalian fauna has been re- 
newed at least three times, and between middle miocene and our present period 
there have been not only specific differences, but also generic differences. 
(Zo be continued.) 
A BURIED RACE IN KANSAS.* 
BY JUDGE E. P. WEST, KANSAS CITY, MO. 
Mr President, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
I have the honor this evening of presenting to the Academy some additional 
facts hastily gleaned, upon a subject heretofore partially considered, and which 
tend further to strengthen the growing belief that a field, until recently considered 
barren in archzeological remains, promises now, from developments of almost daily 
occurrence, to become second to none in interest in this respect. The appliances 
of our civilization are bringing to notice, in Kansas, a race unknown to history or 
tradition, and whose very existence, from any monument or vestige appearing upon 
the surface, might have remained unsuspected and unmarked forever, but for 
those appliances. 
The district of country explored is in Marion county, Kansas, and extends 
from Florence, on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R., to four miles north’ 
of Marion Centre, situated on a branch of that road. ‘This entire area, extending 
along the Cottonwood Valley and border of the low hills bounding it on either 
side, to use the language of my young friend Melvin Billings, to whose indefat- 
igable researches we are indebted for most of the facts I lay before you, ‘‘is 
covered and underlaid with human remains.” My own observations sustain the 
justice of this statement. 
In the environment of the confluence of Clear Creek, Mud Creek, and the 
Cottonwood, in the vicinity of Marion Centre, there is evidence of three distinct 
races, which preceded our present civilization. Evidence of the most recent is to 
be found in the burial places of our modern Indians; next a hundred or more of 
low mounds or borrows containing human remains, such as fragments of pottery, 
stone and bone implements, ashes, charcoal, burnt clay, stone pipes, and human 
bones, testify to a greater antiquity; and evidence of the remaining, and most 
ancient race, is to be found in human remains without anything whatever upon 
the surface to indicate their presence. 
These last are encountered in excavations for cellars, in well-digging, and in the 
cuts of the MA) é2 Mi Pi" Ri Rea branch of (the ‘A., Tees: Ho Re iRessietone 
alluded to. The latter class of remains, especially on the low hills fringing the 
valley, are all, so far as I had an opportunity to observe them, found in a Lacus- 
trine deposit, under a deep, black vegetable mold, and rest on the Glacial drift. 
This was the case at the cellars of Mr. Baylis and Mr. Case, at Marion Centre, 
*Read before the Kansas City Academy of Science, May 25, 1880. 
