HEALTHFUL AND DANGEROUS OCCUPATIONS FOR WOMEN, 109 
at its entrance into the public school, have a freshness and force which, in our 
teaching we constantly assume, we may expect a continuance of the parrot work 
of the school-room and the difficulties of comprehension. Sensation, perception 
and symbolization, both in logical sequence and mental development, are the 
successive phases which constitute the Archean principles of mental development 
and human progress. 
If the above be taken for granted, how can our partial success in the school 
room be accounted for? There is but one answer. ‘This partial success is mathe- 
matically co-ordinated with, and is strictly dependent upon, those incomplete ex- 
periences which the child already possesses. Furthermore, those new forms of 
knowledge imparted to the pupil in the school room are comprehended by him, 
or as yet remain obscure, according as their elemental symbols are significant or 
meaningless. If the experiences whose symbols we divide, combine and vari- 
ously use, are fresh by repetition or late in time, the new knowledge product 
will stand out in bold relief; but if—as is more commonly the case—the original 
intuitions were incomplete for any reason, the new knowledge-product will be 
unreal, unsatisfactory, and nebulous. It should be added here that although the 
the pupil may recite text-book statements in well rounded periods, it is still far 
from being atest that he understands what he so beautifully says. Thus do we reach 
the conclusion, by the consideration of a few points in mental growth that ‘‘ ob- 
ject teaching” is the only rational method of primary instruction. By ‘‘ object 
teaching,”’ I mean teaching from the objects and the phenomena themselves by 
allowing the pupil to handle and otherwise examine these objects, and not from 
drawings, nor pictures, nor verbal descriptions, nor enchanting stories about 
them. 
(Zo be continued.) 
MEDICINE AND HYGIENE. 
HEALTHFUL AND DANGEROUS OCCUPATIONS FOR WOMEN. 
In the city of New York or surburbs we find women employed in staining 
and enameling glass; in making glass signs; in cutting ivory, pearl, and tortoise- 
shell; working in gutta-percha, gum-elastic, and hair; making willow-ware and 
cane chairs; feeding printers’ presses and setting type; making and packing can- 
dles; molding tablets of water-colors; assisting in the manufacture of chemicals 
and fire-works; making clocks, enameling dials, and painting the cases; finishing 
backgammon boards; making and dressing dolls and toys; stitching the cloths 
and making the pockets of billiard tables; painting the handles of brooms, and 
weaving twine into netting; making paper collars and twine; burnishing jewelry 
and making buttons. There are about five hundred millinery houses in the city, 
