228 KANSAS) CITY REVIEW OF SCTBN CE, 
tween the sea bathing of the coast and elevated mountain valleys, a climate ex- 
actly suited to his physical condition, in which, among fruits and flowers, with 
doors and windows ever open, he will enjoy sound health and long life. While 
in Cajamarca, fourteen persons were pointed out whose baptismal records dated 
back 120 years and more. 
Sugar, tobacco, cotton, hides, wool, bark, and minerals have been offered 
in such quantities that the P. S. N. Co., commencing with two small wooden 
steamers, have had built eighty iron steamships varying in size up to 4oco tons 
each. ‘The greater portion of the immense freight goes to Europe by the Strait 
steamers. With a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama, the United States 
would be able to send a much larger merchant marine to the west coast of South 
America. 
I have read that at the time of the Conquest, the Incas were ruling over a 
population of 30,000,000 of people. With the American school book, engineer 
and telegraph, with an exhaustless supply of mineral wealth, a fertile soil and a 
perfect climate, with swift running steamers connecting her ports with all the 
world, to what degree of population and wealth may not the Republic of Peru 
again attain? 
ARCTIC RESEARCH. 
FROM THE ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE EARL OF NORTHBROOK, PRESIDENT OF THE 
ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. 
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The exainination of any part of the vast unknown region surrounding the 
North Pole is interesting to geographers, and discovery in this direction seems to 
have a peculiar fascination for maritime explorers. A year seldom passes without 
some effort being made to add to our knowledge in the far north. During the 
last summer two voyages of reconnoissance were undertaken in this direction, one 
by the Dutch under Captain de Bruyne, and the other by our associates, Sir Henry 
Gore Booth and Captain A. H. Markham, R. N. The Dutch officers actually 
sighted Franz-Joseph Land, while our countrymen attained a remarkably high 
latitude at a very late period of the navigable season. I understand that in the 
coming season, Mr. Leigh Smith, whose name is already honorably associated 
with Arctic yachting, will make a voyage of reconnoissance, which, if circumstan- 
ces prove favorable, may become a voyage of discovery. The American expedi- 
tion, which sailed from San Francisco last year for Behring Strait, is believed to 
have wintered in the pack, and tidings of it may soon be expected. 
I have quite recently received information that the Government of the United 
States have decided upon sending out another Arctic Expedition, via Smith Sound, 
under Captain Howgate. This is a project which has been some time under con- 
