ADVICE FOR SUMMER WORK. 309 
of the yarn, and to return to the next Court their severai and joint advice about 
this thing. The like consideration to be had for the spinning and weaving of 
Cotton Wool.” 
The description of cloth to which this order applies appears to have been a 
mixture of cotton and linen, or linen and wool, known as ‘‘linsey-woolsey.” <A 
subsequent order offered ‘‘a bounty of three-pence on every shilling’s worth of 
linen, woolen and cotton cloth, according to its valation, for incouragement of 
the manufacture.”” New England is also entitled to the honor of the first linen 
factory, which was established in the year 1737 in ‘‘ Long Acre,’’—Tremont 
street, Boston. In 1662 the Assembly of Virginia enacted laws for the promo- 
tion of the industry of cloth making. Two pounds of tobacco were offered as a 
bounty for every pound of flax, or hemp, prepared for the spindle, three pounds 
for every yard of linen cloth a yard wide, and five pounds for every yard of 
woolen cloth. Every titheable person was required, under a penalty of fifty 
pounds of tobacco, to produce yearly two pounds of dressed flax or hemp. Flax 
seed was imported from England and distributed to each county. Denton, in 
1670, says of the women of New Netherlands: ‘‘ Every one make their own 
linen and a great part of their woolen cloth for their ordinary wearing.” In New 
Jersey, in 1867, Quakers from Yorkshire and London made linen cloth, and in 
Pennsylvania, in 1693, and in Delaware, at about the same time, one of the 
principal employments of women was the spinning and weaving of linen, and in 
New Hampshire, in 1719, Scotch-Irish carried on the business quite extensively. 
The manufacture is growing in this country, but not with such rapidity as 
many other industries. The census of 1870 reports go establishments for the man- 
factures of flax, but how many are devoted to the making of linen cloth does not 
appear. Of these go no less than 46 are in New York. (The census of 1860 
showed only ten in New York and Massachusetts.) Ohio, in 1870, had 27 es- 
tablishments, and the remainder were scattered in five or six other States. The 
entire number of hands employed in 1870 was 765, the capital invested $524,701, 
and the annual value of products $815,010. Some interesting facts will be added 
to the above by the results of the pending census, and it is quite certain they will 
be much more reliable as data than some which have heretofore been published 
under sanction of the government.—JBoston Journal of Commerce. 
ADVICE FOR SUMMER WORK. 
BY PROFESSOR BURT G. WILDER, M. D. 
Notwithstanding the number of ‘‘Summer Schools of Science” to be in 
Operation this season, many teachers are likely to pass the vacation at a distance 
from the facilities afforded by organized laboratories. How shall they employ 
their time ? 
Doubtless they all need rest, and in most cases at least a fortnight should 
| 
i 
i 
