SEWERAGE AND STREET PAVING IN KANSAS CITY. 330 
Hence, the conclusion that evolution as a philosophy isa failure, not only in the 
form presented by Mr. Spencer, but in all forms in which it may be presented, 
0 long as it presents force as the ultimate principle of nature, is irresistible. 
Yet it rests upon accepted induction of science, and upon laws that seem to 
explain and unify them. It is offered as a scientific doctrinejand as a reasonable 
and conceivable substitute for the creation hypothesis, which it holds to be of 
mythological origin and inexplicable and inconceivable in the light of modern 
science. To examine it in these aspects will be the purpose of another paper. 
EN Gian i ENG: 
SEWERAGE AND STREET PAVING IN KANSAS CITY. 
BY ERMINE CASE, JR. 
Epitor Revirw:—I see the questions of sewerage and of street paving are 
under serious discussion in Kansas City just now. ‘The first should not be 
difficult. The general system of sewers should be built at once; be built in the 
best manner and the cost not counted, only so far as to get good work done at 
jts real value. The district sewers should be ordered immediately thereafter, and 
every building required to make connections. There should be no hesitation or 
delay in this matter. Then only will the ponds, the noxious smells, malarial 
fevers and the cholera infantum disappear. 
The determination of the paving question is more difficult, as there will be 
greater diversity of opinion, less information and a comparatively small number 
to pay the bills. Information and discrimination as well as economy and honesty 
should be brought to bear upon its solution. In view of the fact that the material 
constitutes by far the largest part of the expense of paving, it should be iaid 
down as an axiom in the discussion of this matter, that a city should always use 
for paving purposes the material nearest at hand, if it be suitable. For this 
reason the attention of Kansas City is first directed to macadamizing with ordi- 
nary limestone. It should not be taken for granted that this is not the best 
paving for all our streéts, business and residence alike. It is certainly far the 
cheapest, for the material is immediately at hand, and repairing can be cheaply 
done, so that its durability may be easily maintained. Our macadamizing has 
thus far been badly done and has never been kept clean. No other paving with 
the same treatment would be satisfactory. It can not be answered that this 
method has gone into disuse, for there many prominent streets in London, Paris, 
Berlin and smaller cities of Europe simply macadamized, although the granite 
block may be had in almost every hill on the continent. 
