410 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
we should naturally look for the remains of the town, is called at the present day, 
Tell el Kadi, ‘‘the Judge’s mound.” So Paneas became Czsarea Philippi, but 
is yet known as Baneas. Sometimes an old name having an approximate signifi- 
cation in the ancient Semitic tongues is misunderstood by the modern Arabic-speak- 
ing population, the Hebrew zaA/, ‘‘a stream or water-course,” being always con- 
founded either with zakf/, ‘‘a palm-tree,” or nahla, ‘‘a bee.’ It will be readily 
understood that a study of the name lists will yield most interesting results to 
Biblical students. In spite of the previous identifications, some 200 out of 400 
known places have been proposed by the Survey officers. The rest will, no 
doubt, be recovered without much difficulty when the forms and meanings of the 
names here given have been thoroughly examined. 
The geography of Palestine can now be re-written, for the map of the Survey 
enables us to lay down the tribal boundaries, etc., accurately ; and as the physical 
features of the country are here exactly set forth, what was before mere con- 
jecture and hypothesis can now be stated as ascertained fact. It is not the relig- 
ious interest alone that makes the comparatively small territory of Palestine so 
worthy of deep and careful study. In ancient times the traffic between East and 
West went of necessity through the country, which became the highway of the 
world, the focus of trade, and the ground on which rival nations contended for 
pre-eminence. Here Egyptian, Assyrian, Persian, Greek, Roman, and Moslem 
civilizations and religions by turn held sway, and traces of their influence and 
ruins of their magnificence are found at every step. Here is the origin not only 
of Christianity and Judaism, but of most of those ancient myths around which 
Grecian art, learning, and philosophy clustered. On the sea-coast by Joppa arose 
the cult and myth of the fish-god Dagon, which appears elsewhere in the legends 
of Perseus and Andromeda, of Set and Typhon, of St. George and the Dragon, and 
even of the Archangel Michael and the Devil. From the Tyrian shore, a little 
further to the north, set out Cadmus, who colonized Greece, and whose very 
name is perpetuated to day in that of the river Casimiyel and the little Moslem 
shrine of Neby Casim, the Prophet Cadmiel or Casmiel. Close by is the shrine 
of Neby Mashuk, the Prophet ‘‘ Beloved,” which is nothing more nor less than 
the Egyptian temple set up to the terrible Melkarth or Moloch, under the euphe- 
mistic title of Miamfin, or the beloved of Amon. On to the shore above Beirut 
flows the Nahr Ibrahim, the river of another “‘ Friend of God,” here identical with 
the well-beloved Tammftiz or Adonis. And not only the ruins and the names, 
but the people themselves are curious and interesting objects of study, and 
Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Hebrews, Tyrians are still to be easily identified 
among the Fellahin and Bedawin of the country; in fact, to the theologist, arch- 
eOlogist, ethnologist, and historian every foot of Palestine has matter for research 
and contemplation, and all this has for the first time been made available as a 
whole by the labors of the Palestine Exploration Fund. Of these most interest- 
ing departments of the subject we shall speak more fully when the promised vol- 
umes of the memoirs appear; to the present publication, the map of the Survey, 
