426 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
inating on the East in the ruins of several small rooms or inclosures, also of stone. 
About eighty feet still further and directly in front of the entrance to the church, 
is an inclosure about eighteen feet square, with a central stone heap about three feet 
square. Still further in the same direction we find a semi-circular declivity, which 
was probably originally the work of man, which terminates on the right at the wa’ 
ter inclosure described on page 423,and on the left at the stone inclosures 
described on the same page. 
In speaking of walls, it is to be remembered that most of them are ruins and 
many of them mere traces, although readily discernible as one walks over the 
ground. 
Leaving the church for the present, we will turn back to the ruined villages 
in search of relics. Broken pottery abounds on all hands, and it seemed to me 
that I could detect specimens representing at least three distinct periods of time: 
First and oldest, that found in the adobes of which the church is built, which is 
coarse and rough; second, that which is made of finer clay, but without ornament, 
and lastly, that which is painted; and perhaps fourthly, that which shows an effort 
at glazing. 
We found numerous flint arrow heads, all of which were small, none being 
over one and a half inches in length. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the larg- 
er ones have been picked up by earlier explorers. We also found several broken 
metatas, or grinding pestles, and in one of the large rocks near the upper village, 
I found three bowl-shaped cavities, about ten inches in diameter and from three 
to four inches deep, which I conceived to be the mortars in which the natives 
ground or beat their corn into meal. 
We also found numerous pieces of obsidian which appeared to have been 
split off in keen flakes for cutting purposes; also fragments of smoking pipes with 
more or less ornamentation cut or scratched upon them. Besides these things, 
we discovered smaller ornaments, in the way of shells pierced for suspension, 
pieces of selenite roughly carved into ornamental shapes and small bits of red 
paint. Not ascrap of iron or any kind of metallic weapon, tool or implement 
could be discovered in either church or village—not even a nail—though it is well ~ 
known that the natives understood the art of smelting ores, at least those of sil- 
ver and gold, and of working them most artistically. If other proof of this knowl- 
edge were wanting, we could supply it in the form of several pieces of slag picked 
up near the villages; and the people who reside near say that remains of old 
smelting works are still to be found in the mountains. 
Parts of three days were given to this exploration, in company with Mrs. 
Case, Major H. Inman of Kansas, and Mr. A. H. Whitmore of Las Vegas, all of 
us being greatly interested and more than willing to devote much longer time and 
labor to a more complete examination of these ruins, should another opportunity 
present itself when we were better prepared to do them justice. 
A great many more most interesting things were seen by us in New Mexico, 
but the limits of this paper have been reached, and an account of the remainder 
