PLANETARY PHENOMENA FOR NOVEMBER, 1880. 427 
must be postponed until another time, with the closing suggestion, that had these 
industrious and ingenious natives not been disturbed and driven out by the thrift- 
less and avaricious Spaniards, who have never improved any country by their 
conquest of it, they would in all probability have built up the ruling empire of 
North America, and thus at least have kept alive the fire of civilization kindled 
by Montezuma—the culture God—in their minds, until the day of his return, in 
the millenium. 
ASTRONOMY. 
PLANETARY PHENOMENA FOR NOVEMBER, 1880. 
BY W. W. ALEXANDER, KANSAS CITY. 
Mercury sets on the 1st at 5 h., 54 m., p. m., and rises on the goth at 5 Ins 
50 m., a. m., and is in inferior conjunction with the sun on the 23d. 
Venus sets on the 1st at 6 h., 23 m., p. m., and on the 30th 6h., 57 m., 
p. m. 
Mars rises a few minutes before the sun, but is too near that luminary to be 
seen. 
Jupiter sets on 1st at 4 h. 10 m. a. m., and on the 3th at 2 h. 7 m. a. m. 
The following is a brief summary of the phenomena presented by its four 
moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, the time used being Kansas City 
mean solar time: 
On the 1st, from 5 h. 52 m. to8 h. 6m. p. m. Io will be making a transit 
of Jupiter’s disk. 
On the same day from 6 h. 31 m. to 8 h. 45 m. p. m. Io’s shadow will 
. likewise pass in transit. 
On the same day from 7 h. 57 m. to 9 h. 37 m. p. m Europa’s shadow will 
be making a transit. Europa will egress from a transit at 8 h. 20 m. p. m. 
On the 2d at 5 h. 59 m. 17s. p. m. Io will reappear to the east of the planet 
at the end of the eclipse. 
On the 3d at 6 h. 51 m. p. m. the shadow of Ganymede will end a transit. 
On the 7th at 10 h. 26 m. p. m. Io is occultated and disappears. 
On the 8th from 7 h. 38 m. tog h. 52 m. p. m. Io will be making a transit. 
On the same day from 8 h. 26 m. to 10 h. 4o m. p. m. the shadow of Io will 
make a transit. 
On the same day from 8 h. 1 m. to 10 h. 4o m. p. m. Europa will be mak- 
ing a transit. 
On the same day at 9 h. 36 m. p. m. the shadow of Europa will commence 
a transit which will last until after midnight. | 
