524 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
inserted in sockets. When alive, it must have been twelve or thirteen feet high, 
and length, including seven feet for tusks, twenty-five feet.* It was found in peat, 
with a thin layer of fresh water marl above it. 
Prof. H. A. Ward, of Rochester, N. Y., has in his museum twenty-seven 
casts of Mastodon, embracing nine species, of which 47. Arvernensis, of Europe, 
and MZ. Americanus, of America, are from the Pleistocene or Quaternary. JZ. 
borsont, M. affinis, M. atssimilis, M. insignis, are from Pliocene, of France. J. 
longivostris, from Miocene of France. MV. elephantoides, M. andium, from Miocene 
of India. 
In the twenty-first annual report of the Board of Regents of the New York 
University, Prof. James Hall furnishes an interesting account of the discovery of 
the bones of Mastodon giganteus (M. Americanus) at Cohoes, in the valley of the 
Mohawk river, State of New York, in September, 1866. 
The bones were found in a pot-hole, which was sounded and found to be 
over sixty feet in depth, filled with clay and soil on top, and peaty clay, with 
branches and trunks of trees below. The lower jaw was found about twenty-five 
feet from the surface; the other bones below. This ‘‘pot-hole” showed that, 
previous to the deposition of the mastodon remains and the subsequent filling up 
of the ‘“‘hole,” powerful agencies had been at work. Subsequent explorations 
revealed portions of the skeleton sixty feet distant and 20 feet higher than the 
bones in the pot-hole, but by comparison it proved to be part of the same 
skeleton. Prof. Hall reasons that the mastodon had floated down the Mohawk 
when its bed was more than one hundred feet above its present level, and lodging 
upon its rocks had gradually become’ dismembered and its parts transported to 
different points, and there deposited upon the disintegration and melting away of 
the glacier. 
It would further appear that, during the glacial period, the surface water, 
falling through the crevices in the vast ice mass, had eroded deep cavities in the 
rocks below. Into these, fragments of rocks fell, and, being continually acted 
upon by the water for a long time, kept the fragments in motion, wearing around 
the incipient pot-hole. Toward the close of the glacial period, a mastodon which 
had become frozen into the ice mass, became disengaged and fell into these 
holes. 
A few measurements of the Cohoes Mastodon are as follows: 
Circumference of tuslee yy). 2!) Nh i nee bene 7 nines 
Length AACR mene cna tancuienteiv Nails, iG) is, 
Meng th frst rubies ems ine glean Neen ee a i teat 
Circumfcrence)ofmibiat (Middle: .)). 72 eve sine eleetGlt/Aamal 
aeneth Of Ulin.) tie Mea CNC Ti Nets Coa Anh 
i Rahs. a) Ai MaMa ramen elilen. fou 1-1 al anne aiC Med men aU OEE tg aN 
it Tee DTI A) LS A MMMM OU SINR REG. ry 
Hs Tata co ey aia iaselic (ics aia aan ana ne 
of SPU ea 1s bi iene tert 2/2 (lh a ean abe Ren Aaa 
Dana, p, 567. 
