THE MASTODON. 525 
The Warren skeleton (from near Newburgh) is of maximum size, suppo ing 
unusually long and large tusks, armed with inferior canine teeth and exhibiv.ig 
a small pelvic aperture; is undoubtedly a male. The Cambridge Mastodon is 
much smaller, though nearly as old, with short and slender tusks above and none 
below, and a large pelvic aperture; is a female. The Cohoes skeleton, of the 
same age of the Cambridge, has a comparative small pelvic aperture, proving it 
to be a male, 
A few bones of the Mastodon have been found near New Britain and 
Cheshire, Connecticut. 
Mastodon teeth were found at Pittstown, Luzerne county, Pa., associated 
with teeth of Aguus major and Bison latifrons. 
A tooth of a Mastodon found in Quaternary, of Niagara, indicates that six 
miles of the gorge have been excavated since he existed. (Dana, p. 510.) 
Four grinders of a Mastodon—one sixteen inches in circumference—were 
found in Kishaco, Quillas Valley, Pennsylvainia, resting upon rounded pebbles 
and covered with a few feet of alluvium. 
Prof. H. D. Rogers informs us that the pleistocene beds of shelly sands 
cover a broad belt of country on the Atlantic coast of Virginia and North Caro- 
lina as far as Pamlico sound. ‘These beds contain many shells identical with 
species now occurring on the Atlantic coast and one or two now only living in 
the warmer waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Mixed with these shells are the bones 
and teeth of several extinct land quadrupeds, including the fossil elephant and the 
Mastodon giganteus and a large species of extinct horse. 
Prof. Emmons informs us that the bones of the Mastodon are not uncommon 
in the miocene marl of North Carolina and instances localities in Halifax county, 
in a marl pit in Nash, upon the Cape Fear, and at other places. 
Prof. Kerr informs us that the whole eastern portion of North Carolina, a 
tract extending more than a hundred miles from the coast and rising 500 feet 
above the-sea along its western margin, is covered chiefly with a deposit of shingle, 
gravel, sand and clay, the coarser to the west, the finer near the coast. This 
covers nearly the whole of the Tertiary and Cretaceous, a considerable part of the 
Triassic and part of the Archean. The eastern band of this, rising to 100 feet 
elevation above tide, is assigned to the Glacial period or early Quaternary, con- 
sisting in the lower part especially, of coarse pebbles associated with fossils in the 
form of sharks’ teeth, coprolites and bones, and here have been found the best 
preserved Mastodon teeth and bones. Prof. Hilgard, maintaining the occurrence 
of Mastodon bones in the Loess of Mississippi, says they are generally found 
singly, but that portions of the skeleton have been found in spots where ponds 
existed, as though the animal had perished there. In such places the bones are 
frequently in contact with masses of black fatty earth, probably decomposed ani- 
_ mal matter. 
In Martin county, Indiana, bones of the Mammoth and the Mastodon have 
been found in marsh clay, resting on the drift. In Michigan, according to Winch- 
