526 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
ell, in accumulations 6f marl and peat are found the remains of the elephant, 
Mastodon and elk. A fragment of the molar of a Mastodon was found at Green 
Oak, Livingston county. Mr. Shattuck has exhumed nearly an entire set of 
Mastodon teeth, including a piece of a tusk in Plymouth, Wayne county. The 
teeth are all perfect and still retaining their glossy enamel and most of the fangs 
pertaining to molar teeth. 
A nearly perfect skeleton of a Mastodon was exhumed near Bucyrus in Craw- 
ford county, Ohio, many years ago from the muck and marl of aswamp, and is now 
in possession of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. The ‘‘ Erie clay ” 
is the lower drift near the lakes, and is sometimes as much as 280 feet thick. 
Above it lies the ‘‘ Delia sand,” separated about Cleveland from the Erie clay by 
one to two feet of carbonaceous matter with trunks of trees. This ‘‘ forest bed,’” 
as it is called by Prof. Newberry, extends through a large part of Ohio and into 
many other of the Western states; traces of it exist in Illinois, Missouri and Ne- 
braska. Prof. Newberry informs us that the Delta sand deposit near Cleveland has: 
yielded numerous portions of the skeleton of the elephant and Mastodon. In 
other parts of Ohio they are found in the forest bed, and in the overlying drift and 
in the recent peat marshes. 
Remains of the Mastodon are found in the post glacial beds of the Maumee 
valley. Part of a skeleton was obtained from a peat swamp near St. Johns, Au- 
slaize county, The appearances indicate that the animal had mired and died 
where found. Prof. Gilbert carefully examined the locality and was confirmed in 
this opinion; also that the animal lived and died after the deposition of the drift, 
and that the overlying peat had since been formed. The depth of the swamp is 
eight feet, of which the upper one-third is peat. 
Passing to the Pacific slope, Whitney informs us of the occurrence near Benicia, 
California, of a Post-Tertiary deposit made up of beds of gravel, sand, clay and 
oyster shells, and containing fragments of bones of large animals and rolled Ter- 
tiary shells. At Bottle Hill, near Benicia, these beds contain boulders of gray 
sandstone, also bones of the Mastodon and horse. In the Gaviota pass, in the 
superficial detritus at the bottom of a layer of clay four feet thick and resting on 
sand, were found Mastodon bones. {n Tuolumne county, on the southern bank 
of the Stanislaus, there is a vast accumulation of calcareous tufa which assumes 
a most picturesque appearance, sometimes rising in cliffs like coral reefs. In this 
deposit are found many fragments of mammalian bones, including the Mastodon, 
Elephant and horse; also both land and fresh water shells All through the re- 
gion northwest of Columbia, as far as Abby’s ferry, the remains of the elephant 
and Mastodon are very abundant. 
Quoting from Whitney’s Geology of California, he says: Among the animals 
of the Pliocene we recognize the rhinoceros, a species of horse, an animal resem- 
bling the camel and one resembling the hippopotamus, and they are peculiar to 
the deposits under the lava. The lava flow destroyed them. After that was the 
Post Pliocene epoch appearing on the foot hills and slopes of the Sierra. This 
