690 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE, 
III. — METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.—These should be made at least three 
times daily, at the exact hours of simultaneous observations, 7 a. m., 3 p. m., 
and 11 p. m., Washington time; and, unless absolutely impossible intermediate 
observations should be made every two or four hours, the complete series being at 
1, 3, 5> 7 9 and 11 a. m, and a3, 5,7, 9 andi itr psm: an case sthateselte 
registering apparatus is suyplied, the personal observations of those items that 
are so recorded need be made only at 7 a. m., 3 p. m. andizrp.m. The ther- 
mometers and barometers should be of superior quality, and in general the 
instruments and methods of instruction embodied in the Instructions to Observer 
Sergeants of the Signal Corps should be followed. The outfit should be that of 
a first-class Signal Service Station, to which should be added the following sup- 
plementary instruments: 
1. Self-Recording Barometer. 2. Self-Recording Thermometers. Reg- 
nault’s Dew Point Apparatus. 4. Vacuum Solar Radiation Thermometers. 5. 
Hick’s Terrestial Radiation Thermometors. 6. Heiss’ Apparatus for Conver- 
gence of Auroral Beams. 7. A number of small india rubber balloons and 
apparatus for filling them, for ascertaining air currents, heights of clouds, etc. 
Special instructions for the use of these instruments are scarcely necessary, 
on account of their simplicity ; but, in order to call attention to many minor 
points, the observer should be furnished with extra copies of the following works : 
Signal Service Instructions. Admiralty Manual of Scientific Inquiry. Ad- 
miralty Arctic Manual. Instructions to the Florence Expedition. Pickering’s 
Physical Manipulation. Kohlransch’s Physical Measurements. Everett’s Trans- 
lation of Deschanel’s Natural Philosophy. Loomis’ Meteorology. Buchans’ 
Meteorology. Kaemtz’ Meteorology. 
Special attention is called to the importance of accurate observations at 
every station of the minute details of auroral phenomena and their changes, 
(see Stoke in the Arctic Manual, page 19,) which should be recorded carefully 
by diagrams and otherwise, together with the hour, minute and second of the 
phenomena. 
IV.—AsTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS.—The only astronomical observations 
recommended as imperative are those for determining latitude, longitude and 
time. Such observations must be made every day at sea, and when traveling. 
The position of the central station must be determined by observations made at 
every favorable opportunity, until there have been accumulated at least ten inde- 
pendent determinations of latitude and longitude, so that the mean of all may 
be reasonably accurate. The determination of the errors of the chronometers 
must be made whenever practicable and the resulting corrections immediately 
deduced, so that the meteorological and magnetic observers may be able to main- 
tain strict simultaneity in their observations. 
As in all the physical and astronomical observations to be made, the same 
chronometers must be used, and as these latter are most conveniently kept on 
Greenwich time, it is recommended that all records and daily reckonings should, 
