TRICHIN IN MAN, 771 
taking the State over, there is seldom a section of land without its overflowing 
fountain of water. ‘The one called Bryce’s spring, on the Niangua river is prob- 
ably the largest. It discharges 10,927,000 cubic feet per diem, and flows away, a 
swift stream forty-two yards wide. Its temperature is steady at 60° Fah., and ice 
never forms near it to impede machinery. Its flow is regular, so that the machin- 
ist can know just what power to depend upon the year round. Upon the upper 
courses of eleven Missouri rivers, most of which are more or less navigable, fine 
water powers are to be found at intervals of from one or two to five, ten or fifteen 
miles. True, to make these powers available, the rough descents where they exist 
would generally need to be supplemented by the usual artificial appliances, such 
as dams or means of confining the channel to a narrow space; but happily, at 
these rapids the beds of the streams are invariably rocky, thus affording a sure 
foundation. Though the average annual rainfall of the State is forty-one inches, 
springs constitute the reliance of our streams for a steadfast flow of water. Sever- 
al hundred springs are known to be large and forcible enough to supply the power 
required to run an ordinary mill or factory.— Zhe Age of Steel. 
TRICHINA: IN MAN. 
It has been previously stated, that for some thirty years subsequent to the 
first description of the capsule by Hilton, and some twenty-five years after the 
identification of the parasite itself in man, the same were looked upon as mere 
harmless curiosities, and, that, although Leidy discovered the parasite in the flesh 
of swine in 1847, still it was not until 1860 that the connection was established be- 
tween them, appearing, as they had, in two totally different species (men and 
swine). The honor of this important discovery belongs to Dr. Zenker, of Dres- 
den, Germany. The disease was discovered in aservant-girl admitted as a typhus 
patient to the City Hospital in Dresden. She died, and her flesh was found to 
be completely infested with trichine. 
Leuckart’s and other experiments have shown that a temperature of 140° F. 
is necessary to securely render trichine inert. Direct heat applied to the slides 
holding specimens of trichinous pork, by means of the Shultz heating-table, has 
demonstrated, under the microscope, that a temperature of 50° C. (122° F.) is 
necessary to the certain death of the trichine. 
Leisering’s experiments with trichinous pork, made up into sausage-meat and 
cooked twenty minutes, gave positive results when fed to one rabbit, and nega- 
tive by another. He sums up his experiments as follows : 
1. Trichine are killed by long-continued salting of infected meat, and also 
by subjecting the same for twenty-four hours to the action of smoke in a heated 
chamber. 
2. They are not killed by means of cold smoking for a period of three days, 
and it also appears that twenty minutes cooking freshly prepared sausage-meat is 
sufficient to kill them in all cases. i 
