LIFE WITHIN THE ARCTIC CIRCLE. 777 
rectly the mother is shot dead, the baby walrus always hurries away, but so long 
as the mother is alive, even if wounded, the young one remains by her. In 
this case there was a hard fight, and the boat reached the ship in a sinking condi- 
tion, the walrus having made holes in it with her tusks, below the water line. 
After this little episode, the Aira was steered westward along the coast, to- 
wards the most distant point seen from the harbour. But she was stopped by 
packed ice at a point where there were great numbers of loons. 
* * * * * * * * * 
Mr. Grant walked along the shore to the eastward until finally stopped by a 
glacier. There was a regular beach, and a good deal of drift-wood, including a 
spar 8 feet long, which had evidently belonged to some ship. There were also 
the backbones and jaws of two whales. In the evening a party accompanied 
Mr. Grant to the summit of the hill overhanging the harbour, which proved to 
be 1040 feet above the sea (by aneroid). On the slope of this hill a good deal of 
petrified wood was collected, and some other fossils. 
*k * *k *k kK * * * * 
Lat, 80° N., Long. 50° E., Guenther Bay. 
On the 26th and 27th a furious gale was blowing brom the N.N.W. with 
much snow; and on the 28th, when it was still strong, but moderating, they 
steamed slowly eastward along the coast. In passing out of the bay, two right 
whales were seen, one of great size. 
Commenting upon the results of Mr. Smith’s voyage, Mr. Northam, in the 
March ‘‘ Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society,” says: 
Arctic exploration is distinguished not only for the variety and importance of 
its scientific results, but also for its practical utility. It has not only added to the 
sum of human knowledge, but it has also increased the wealth of those nations 
which have wisely engaged in it. The explorers of Hudson’s Bay led the way 
to a lucrative fur trade; those of Spitzbergen, of Davis Strait, and Baffin’s Bay 
opened up other great sources of wealth; and the discoverers of New Siberia 
enriched their countrymen by a trade in fossil ivory. Mr. Leigh Smith, in dis- 
covering the south-western coast of Franz-Josef Land, saw at least two right 
whales, and a sea abounding in other oil-yielding animals. As many as twenty- 
seven walruses were taken, and, if their capture had been the object of the voy- 
age, many more could have been obtained. Great numbers of seals were also 
seen. The number of bears shot was thirteen. Like all other northern discov- 
eries, those of Mr. Leigh Smity combine results of scientific interest and impor- 
tance with practical utility. 
It is not at all unlikely that the practical utility of Mr. Leigh Smith’s dis- 
coveries may be demonstrated in the near future. The Norwegians have now 
been frequenting the walrus grounds of Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya for a 
considerable number of years, and there are distinct signs of those localities hav- 
ing been overworked. The hardy Norseman will eagerly welcome a new region 
for walrus hunting, such as is offered by the southern shores of Franz-Josef 
