AXIAL SKELETON OP THE STRUTHIONID^. 29 



The ffth vertebra is like the fourth, except that it already displays both metapo- 

 physes and catapophyses. 



In the sixth vertebra the hyperapophyses begin to blend with the lateral posterior 

 portions of the neural spines. 



The remaining cervical vertebrse, from the seventh to the fourteenth inclusive, are all 

 nearly similar in form, but increasing in size, and with the styloid rib more developed 

 as we proceed postaxially. In C. galeatus the more anterior cervical vertebrae have a 



ELEVENTH VERTEBRA OF CASSOWARY (natural size). 

 Fig. 25. 



Lateral view. Letters as before. 



large perforation in the interzygapophysial ridge ; but in all this lamella is very 

 conspicuous. 



THE CEEVICO-DOESAL VERTEBRA. 



The sixteenth vertebra (the fifteenth of C. bennettii^) has its parapophysis extended 

 preaxiad of the prsezygapophysis. There are still two distinct catapophyses. 



In the seventeenth vertebra the catapophyses closely approximate. 



In the eighteenth vertebra the parapophysis is not so much preaxiad of the prsezyga- 

 pophysis. There is a hypapophysis, which bifurcates from a single root. 



In the nineteenth vertebra the parapophysis is no longer preaxiad of the prsezygapo- 

 physis. The hypapophysis may bifurcate, or (as in C. bennettii) it may be simple. 



All these four cervico-dorsal vertebrae are scarcely shorter relatively than are the 

 corresponding ones of Di'omceus, and they are very much more like the latter than 

 they are like their homologues in Bhea. The fossa postaxiad to the neural spine, 

 however, is much smaller than in Bromaus, especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth 

 vertebrae. The transverse processes are not so much expanded, axially, at their distal 

 ends as they are either in Bromceus or Rhea. 



' To prevent repetition, it may be bere renaarked, once for all, that C bennettii has but fourteen cervical 

 vertebrae, the number of the trunk-vertebra described is always one in advance of the number of the corre- 

 sponding vertebra of C. bennettii. 



