80 . ME. G. BUSK ON THE ANCIENT OE 



distance apart, retaining the outer incisor, canine, and two anterior molars (pm. 3, 

 pm. 4 ). 



4. The proximal extremities of the right and left ulnas, each with the olecranon 

 broken, and probably gnawed off; all the fractured surfaces are covered with stalagmite. 



5. An entire right tibia. 



6. A portion of the shaft of the corresponding left tibia. 



1. The mandible measures from the incisive border to the angular process 6". Its 

 height at the middle of its length about 1"'3 ; the length of the diasteme is '7, of the 

 symphysis 2"'0, and of the molar series 2"'l. The incisor series or tlie space between 

 the canines inside measures about 0"'8. The canine is -6 X '5, pm. 8 'GX'S, pm. 4 

 ■78X'40, and m. 1 (carnassial) '80x40. The jaw is very thick and massive, its width 

 immediately behind the canines being 1"'6 nearly. In the mandible of an African 

 F. pardus (No. 4540, C. S.), the length from the incisor border to the angle is 6"'3, 

 the height at the middle 1"'3, the length of the diasteme "8, of symphysis 2"'0, of the 

 molar series 2"'l, of incisor series '8, the canine "65 X '50, pm. 3 -50 x 25, pm. 4 -80 X "35 

 Jin •75X-37. 



2. The tibia measures 9""9 in length, the proximal end 2"-lx2"'25, the distal 

 l"'0xl"'6; the least circumference is 2"'9, and the perimetral index -291. The tibia 

 of an African Leopard in the Royal College of Surgeons is 9"' 8 long, the proximal end 

 2"-4x2"-8, the distal l"-0xl"'55, the least circumference 2"-8, and the perimetral 

 index -285. 



The same close resemblance is exhibited in the dentition, as will be seen by inspection 

 of the odontograms Nos. 21 and 22 (PI. XXVII.), of which the former represents that of 

 the Gibraltar Leopard, and the latter that of P. 'pardus (No. 4544, R. C. S.). 



Under the appellation of F. antiqua, Cuvier i notices the occurrence of a very similar 

 form in the ossiferous breccia at Nice, associated with the Lion and several cervine 

 ruminants. It was also met with in the cavern of Gailenreuth ; and it is also recorded 

 by M. Marcel de Serres as occurring in the cavern of Lunel-Viel. M. Lartet- met with 

 it in the Cavern of Mars, in the maritime Alps, and M. Gervais ^ in the Cave of Mialet. 

 Lastly, Messrs. Boyd Dawkins and Sanford '' enumerate it amongst the species met 

 with at Banwell, and at Bleadon Hill and Hutton Cave in the Mendip Hills. 



The latter writers remark (p. 1 79) " that the remains from the pliocene beds of 

 Mont Perrier, in Auvergne, ascribed by MM. Croizet and Jobert to Felis antiqiM, are 

 too large to have belonged to tlie largest Leopard, though M. de Blainville believes that 

 F. iJardiuensis and F. arvernensis are identical with the Panther." They also justly 

 remark that the F. pardoides of Prof. Owen '" differs from the Panther in the lowness of 

 the crown of the last [lower] molar," to which might be added that the Crag tooth also 



' Op. cit. t. vi. p. 333. '' Ann. d. Sc. Nat. 5"^^ ser. viii. p. 170. 



' Anim. Verteb. vivants et fossilos, 1867-1869, p. 68, pi. xv. 



' Brit. Pleistocene Mamm. part iv. p. 177, 1872. ' Brit. Foss. Mamm. p. 169. 



