90 int. G. BUSK ON THE ANCIENT OE 



belong to the ass and its foal. But as their condition plainly shows that they belong 

 to a very recent period, they do not come within the scope of this account^. 



Another equine specimen, also found in the east fissure, presents some very curious 

 characters. It is the greater part of the horizontal ramus of the right mandible, con- 

 taining five teeth in an uninterrupted series, but apparently in a very irregular mode of 

 growth. The two anterior ones are first and second deciduous molars, with a level disk 

 of wear, exhibiting the enamel-flexures clearly: but the teeth, so far as can be judged, 

 are apparently as long as the true molars; for the second projects in a curious manner 

 straight out of the alveolus to the height of rather more than two inches, without 

 showing any indication of division into fangs, and it is very deeply sulcated on the 

 dorsum or outer surface. Its enamel-flexures are shown in PI. IX. fig. 4, plainly indi- 

 cating that it, and the one in front of it of similar pattern, are truly deciduous teeth. 

 The third tooth is in germ and just emerging from the alveolus ; so that its pattern 

 cannot be ascertained ; the two hinder teeth, however, are distinctly permanent molars. 



VIII. Ehinoceeos. 



The genus Bhinoceros is represented by a considerable number of specimens, which 

 were procured at various depths in the Genista Cave and east fissure. Though some 

 few are stated to have been met with in the dark-coloured cave-earth in which the 

 human relics &c. occurred, yet as these specimens, as regards mineral condition (that 

 is to say, infiltration with calcareous matter, and incrustation with the ferruginous 

 crystalline stalagmitic deposit, &c.), difier in no respect from those which occurred at 

 the greatest depths, and since there is every reason to believe that the bones found 

 in the highest level formed part of the same skeleton as that to which some of the 

 deeper ones belonged, it must be concluded that their presence in the black earth was 

 in some way accidental. 



The principal specimens to which it is needful to call attention may be arranged as 

 belonging to: — I. Head; II. Trunk; III. Anterior extremity; IV. Posterior extremity. 



I. Specimens belonging to the Head are : — 



1. A right upper fourtli premolar (pm. 4, d). PI. X. figs. 1-3. 



2. A right upper molar (m. 1, d). PL X. figs. 4, 5. 



' In the excavation of the east fissure the entire skeleton of a Horse was met with, at a few feet only below 

 the surface. In general condition the bones presented very much the same character as many of the fossil 

 bones from a greater depth, and had been deprived of the greater part of the animal matter. At first Captain 

 Brome thought he had come upon the remains of a fossil Horse ; but, to his surprise, when the toot-bones were 

 exhumed, the shoes with which the animal had been shod were found in situ ; and it was ascertained that the 

 bones, much altered as they wore, had belonged to a favourite Arab charger, which had been buried at the spot 

 about twenty- -five years before. The instance is a very striking one, in showing the fallacious nature of evi- 

 dence derived merely from the mineral condition of buried bones when exposed to free percolation of water in a 

 calcareous bed. 



