288 PEOFESSOR W. K. PARKER ON THE 



Part I. pi. Iv.). Instead of the large nerve-bridges of the Tits (figs. 1, 3, 5, s.n), the 

 septal base is suddenly narrowed there for a short tract in front of the great " notch," 

 and then the trabeculae (tr) reassert themselves as a large lanceolate leafy structure, 

 which runs small in front. This front part is not calcified ; the rest is quite hard ; 

 and the recurrent flaps are not to be found, as though the trabeculee had run to fine 

 straightened-out points. This leafy base of the septum has its median part grooved 

 and its edges recurved ; so that it is like the leaf of Magnolia grandiflora turned upside 

 down. The large size of these alse, and the coiling of their edges as though to con- 

 vert them into a pair of median " turbinals," are peculiar to this type ; I have not met 

 with this modification so fully developed in any other. A crescentic portion of the 

 nasal wall appears on each side of the prsepalatine ; and all the outside part to the 

 external nostril (fig. 9, e. n, al. n) is soft. 



The olfactory region {e.eth, p.i)) does not difiFer sensibly from that of the Paridae. 

 The upper part projects moderately; the pars plana is a large mass with a round 

 emargination outside, and a roundish foot ; the nerve-passage is single ; there is no os 

 uncinatum, and no apparent lacrymal. Several of these latter characters correspond 

 not only with what is seen in Titmice, but also in many of the soft-lills ; they cannot 

 be made to weigh much on the Parlne side. Nor, indeed, can the clinging incurved 

 legs of the vomer, seeing that this, although a good character, does not belong by 

 absolute right to the Tits. 



Looking right and left for relationships for Panuru.i, it seems evident that this 

 bird, here at any rate, is " a stranger in a strange land ;" we therefore look abroad 

 for some cognate type near it, if not of the same precise family. 



Example 61. Liotlirix, sp. 1 Family " Liotrichidse," Newton ^ Group Oscines. 



Habitat. Indian region. 



The general form of the skull and face in this species is exceedingly like that of 

 the last ; it is, however, one third larger, and has a longer and less decurved rostrum, a 

 character which gives it a more normally tenuirostral appearance. 



The pterygoids (Plate LII. fig. 10, pg, epg) are less long and slender than in Panurus, 

 and the epipterygoid hook is more developed. None of its spatulate end has been 

 yielded to the palatine as a mesopterygoid. The palatines are very similar in both 

 types ; but the transpalatine angle {t.pa) is broader and has a more arcuate outer side. 

 The ethmo-palatine spurs {e.pa) are longer ; but the prsepalatine (jpr.jKi) is quite alike in 

 both. 



The vomer (v) is quite like that of Pamiriis, but smaller ; the ossification is feebler 



' Professor Newton, in a letter to me, July 14, 1875, says : — " It seems to form a family of its own, ' Lio- 

 trichidse ; ' how many more genera go with it, I do not know. They are all, I think, from the Indian region, 

 but just creep into the Paloearctic (according to my view) — one species, I helieve, occurring in Thibet." 



