366 PEOF. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE 



CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA. 



Pelecancs. 



Cervical vertebrae 16, cervico-dorsal 1, together 17 ; dorsal 5, lumbar 3 or 4, lumbo- 

 sacral 3, sacral 3, sacro-caudal 4, caudal without pygostyle 5 or 6 : total 40-42. Vertebral 

 ribs 6, sternal ribs 5. Vertebrae generally swollen and very pneumatic; no long, free 

 styloid processes, such processes merged in lateral subcentral plates ; anterior cervical 

 vertebrae elongated ; seventh and ninth bend dorsad from eighth ; median bypapophyses 

 conspicuous only in fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth vertebrae, and not present in 

 lumbo-sacral or posterior dorsal regions ; a haemal arch to vertebrae from eighth to four- 

 teenth inclusive ; faint lateral ridges beneath centra of fifteenth, sixteenth and seven- 

 teenth vertebrae ; ridges and processes generally obtuse ; metapophyses moderate, rather 

 small. Atlas with an odontoid notch and minute bypapophyses. Hypapophyses of axis 

 very small; its hyperapophyses very small; a lateral foramen leading into centrum. 

 Third vertebra with a most rudimentaiy hypapophysis ; lateral vertebral canal long and 

 narrow ; hyperapophyses very small ; no marked interzygapophysial ridge to third ver- 

 tebra. Fifth vertebra with a median subcentral groove ; sixth vertebra with the same ; 

 postzygapophyses more postaxiad in seventh than in sixth vertebra ; postaxial margin 

 of neural arch of seventh vertebra very concave, the first (preasially) to be so. Eighth 

 vertebra the first vertebra pressed back preaxiaUy, with a haemal arch, with no pro- 

 minent metapophyses, about equals the seventh in length ; styloid processes much as 

 in seventh; praezygapophyses not so preaxiad as centrum; postzygapophyses slightly 

 more postaxiad of centrum than in seventh vertebra. Ninth vertebra but little more 

 pressed back preaxially than eighth ; neural spine not more developed in ninth than in 

 eighth vertebra ; a haemal arch present ; hyperapophyses in the form of two lateral 

 ridges. Neural spine most prominent in seventh and eighth vertebrae ; metapophyses 

 not prominent. Tenth vertebra with a haemal arch. Postzygapophyses of eleventh ver- 

 tebra still reach the postaxial end of centrum ; in twelfth vertebra the postzygapophyses 

 for the first time fail to extend postaxiad as far as centrum. Thirteenth vertebra with a 

 haemal arch ; fourteenth vertebra with a complete, or nearly complete, haemal arch. 

 Fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth vertebrae with a median hypapophysis ; postero- 

 external angle of centrum not drawn out into a triangular process. Nineteenth ver- 

 tebra vrithout a hypapophysis, and not laterally compressed. Dorsa of tenth to four- 

 teenth cervical vertebrae flattened, but not presenting a longitudinal groove on each 

 side ; no notable lateral compression of the vertebral centra in any region, nor any 

 great ventral flattening; no vertebrae opisthocoelous ; parapophyses of second sacral 

 vertebra not stronger than those of first; parapophyses of sacro-caudal vertebrae not 

 suddenly bent dorsad. Broad ilio-caudal process; obturator- foramen oval, broad in 

 proportion to its length; sacro-sciatic foramen not visible when the pelvis is viewed 



