10 BULLETIN 123, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



margin of harpe, leaving a more or less restricted opening at base 

 of harpe; cucullus well defined; transtilla absent or represented 

 only in its reduced elements by a short hook on costa of harpe near 

 base; anellus developed, consisting of a triangular plate with ex- 

 tended central arm supporting aedoeagus. 



Larva. — Prothorax with three setae, on prespiracular shield ; Ila as 

 high or higher than la. Proleg-bearing abdominal segments with 

 IV and V approximate under the spiracle. Ninth abdominal seg- 

 ments with paired setae II closer together than paired I on dorsum 

 of eighth abdominal segment, usually on a single chitinization ; 

 I and III approximate, normally on a single chitinization. No 

 secondary hairs, except an occasional fourth seta in Group VII on 

 proleg-bearing abdominal segments. 



Pupa. — Two rows of spines on dorsum of most abdominal seg- 

 ments; wings broad at tip (not sharply tapering); antennae not 

 reaching to tips of wings. 



KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF OLETHKBUTIDAE. 



1. Hind wing with 5 straiglit, almost parallel with 4 (fig. 2) laspeyresiinae. 



Hind wing with 5 bent at base, approximate to 4 2 



2. Hind wing with 3-4 separate or connate (fig. 1) Olethreutinae. 



Hind wing with 3-4 stalked or united (fig. 6) Eucosminae.*" 



Dichroram'pha belongs in the Laspeyresiinae. It is obviously close 

 to Laspeyresia and a derivative from it. The separate condition of 

 veins 6-7 in the hind wing may be interpreted as a later development 

 rather than the primitive venational type. Bactra and Pohjchrosis 

 fall naturally in the Olethreutinae. 



All the characters defining the subfamily are given in the above 

 key. The larvae of so few species are available that no definition 

 can be drawn on larval characters. 



LARVAL HABITS AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. 



Nearly every type of larval activity is represented in this sub- 

 family. The greater number of species whose life histories are 

 known are borers in the roots, stems, bark, buds or fruits of trees, 

 shrubs, or low growing plants. Several are leaf -tiers and a few feed 

 exposed upon the leaves or flowers. In the genus Epinotia we have 

 at least two species {E. heucherana and E. ruidosana) whose larvae 

 are true leaf miners for the entire feeding period. A number of 



^* This character seems to share the fate of nearly all others and to fall down in one 

 place (.OtcendoUna concitatrioana Heinrich). Hei'e in most specimens veins 3 and 4 

 are distinctly connate. In a couple, however, they appear very short stalked aJid as 

 the genitalia is distinctly Bucosmin, it must be included in the Bueosminae. Oiven- 

 dolina is also distinguished from the Olethreutinae by having a distvnct notch in termen 

 of fore wing. 



