30 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 



Moses uses are the most comprehensive that could be found, and represent most 

 fully the real relations existing among the lower animals. 



While most of the life referred to in the creations of this day belongs to the 

 water and is brought forth in it, this cannot be true, with our present under- 

 standing of the birds, though it may be of all other flying things. In verse 

 twenty-one, however, the winged fowl is not included in the expression, "which 

 the waters brought forth;" and in verse nineteen of chapter two we are told 

 that God formed every fowl of the air, as well as every beast of the field, *' out 

 of the ground." From this it would be reasonable to conclude that the fowl of 

 the earlier part of this day were not the same as those of the latter. If we con- 

 sider the first fowl as representing pterodactyls and other bird-like reptiles, and 

 also aquatic insects upon which these reptiles fed, and the last to be reptilian 

 birds of the Mesozoic age, followed by real birds associated with beasts of the 

 field, we have an order of succession exactly parallel with that which we find 

 in the record of the rocks. Moreover, the lack of definiteness in the term fowl, 

 and also its application to both water and land animals, may be a covert indica- 

 tion of the transition from reptilian to bird characteristics in the Reptilian age, 

 as has been shown by Prof. Marsh, and others ; and thus evidence the fact that 

 the inspired Word of God, even in its secondary office as expositor of nature, is 

 superior to the latest discoveries of modern science. 



The sixth day is devoted to the creation of the highest of the lower animals 

 and, lastly, of man. Like the plants of the third day, the lower animals of this 

 last day are represented as brought forth from the Earth. These, no doubt, 

 include the gigantic mammals of the Tertiary Age and all the quadrupeds from 

 that time to the present. As man is the highest of mammals the physical work 

 of this day was devoted entirely to the creation of mammals. The physical part 

 of man, we are told in Genesis ii., 7, was formed of the dust of the ground. 

 But there was more than a physical creation on this day ; and the form of expres- 

 sion relating to it is entirely different. The record represents the Creator as 

 summoning all the powers of the triune godhead in this last and crowning work 

 of all His wondrous acts of creation. Let us make man in our image, after our 

 likeness. While man's body was formed of the dust, and in this one thing related 

 to the lower animals, — whether by genetic descent or by immediate creation 

 neither Scripture nor science fully assures us, — this was not all of man. In addi- 

 tion to this, God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life and man became a 

 living soul. This cannot refer to animal life of air-breathing animals, for all 

 quadrupeds possessed this before, and the same statement is nowhere made of 

 them. None of the beasts of the Earth, or of the cattle, or of the creeping things 

 had this breath of life. They were never made to become such living immortal 

 souls. No doubt the lower animals have limited thinking and reasoning powers, 

 but they have no power of abstract reasoning and no moral sense. They were 

 not created, as was man, in knowledge, righteousness and true holiness after the 

 image of God. Man in the image of God is a spiritual being. God is spirit. 

 It is this spiritual part of man which entitles him to dominion over the lower ani- 



