176 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 



In Patagonia remains of mammals are found which tend to show that the fauna of 

 Patagonia preceded that of the Argentine Republic, and, moreover, the animals 

 of South America have their counterpart in Australia and Africa. The flora of 

 the Southern Hemisphere in the Old and New Worlds correspond, and the fossil 

 remains in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres correspond around the world's 

 circuit. These resemblances become more marked when fishes, insects, and the 

 mollusca of the Old and New Worlds are considered. 



At least one result gratifying to our national vanity has been accomplished 

 by the polar expeditions from the United States within the last fifteen years — the 

 geography of the Arctic regions has been enriched by a great many familiar 

 American names. The English for a long time had a monopoly of this nomen- 

 clature, and the names of their great explorers, naval commanders, reigning 

 princes, and some of their "sisters, cousins, and aunts," are perpetuated in the 

 gulfs, straits, channels, capes, headlands, and islands of the polar seas. The ex- 

 pedition of Captain Hall, and the two years' residence of Lieut. Greely in the 

 upper polar regions, has given to some of the prominent men of our own country 

 a place in Arctic geography. 



Cape Robert Lincoln at present overtops all the designated points on the 

 polar map. It is in north latitude 83° 35', longitude 38°. It may be a century 

 before the explorers of any other land carry a historic name nearer to the pole. 

 Lockwood Island, named in honor of the gallant young soldier who discovered 

 it, is in latitude 83° 24', and this may for many years remain one of the extreme 

 outposts of Arctic discovery. Arthur Land is not quite so far away, but still it is 

 some thousands of miles too near the Pole to be an agreeable place of residence. 

 We have Hayes Sound, Greely Fiord, Cape Joseph Henry, Hazen Lake, and 

 many other titles that bring before us the men of our own generation, whose 

 names have been used to designate land-marks and water marks on the way to 

 the Pole. 



The admirable dispatches from St. John's give a most interesting account of 

 the operations of Lieut. Greely's party during their two years' stay at Fort Con- 

 ger, and of the mode of living at a hyperborean station. Astronomical, meteor- 

 ological, and magnetic observations were taken every day until the station was 

 abandoned. A number of the dogs taken to the station died during the first sea- 

 son, but by taking good care of those that were left, and of the new litters that 

 from time to time appeared, Lieut. Greely was able to keep up effective teams 

 for exploration. A number of expeditions were made across the channel to the; 

 Greenland Coast. The lowest natural temperature ever recorded was noted by 

 Sergeant Brainard during one of these expeditions — minus 61°. Two of the men. 

 Rice and Jans, returned to the station to get some additional supplies for one of 

 the exploring parties, travelling a distance of fifty miles, without sleeping bags or 

 tents, the temperature being minus 40°. They got what was needed and went 

 back to their party, making the trip in five days. If Arctic exploration does 

 nothing else, it shows that the human body can endure a great deal of cold. 



When Lieut. Lockwood made his journey to the highest northern point ever 



