THE FORCES OF INORGANIC NATURE. 233 



again, is charged, and again repelled. Gases too minute for observation may 

 perform the same service for heat, and this may be the philosophy of radiation. 

 Perhaps it is by the speedy flight of the molecules through all solids that heat is 

 disseminated through them. This is more simple than that other theory that asks 

 us to believe that there is an everlasting kicking and stirring of the solid particles. 

 I would not be understood as believing that heat needs a chariot for its convey- 

 ance. It is, no doubt, able to travel alone. And alone, its affinity is all the 

 stronger for the object of its pursuit. 



How harmonious are the workings of nature. And all fits so beautifully to 

 this theory. Look, for example, at polarization: solids crystalize as they solidify ; 

 crystalization being polarization under other conditions. So this thing runs •ihrough 

 nature. In the laboratory, the chemist sees polarization in a thousand curious 

 forms. We have the polarization of electricity, the polarization of light, and the 

 polarization of heat. Why not allow the whole class to be of a kind, when they 

 are so alike in their behavior ? Wherever we touch these matters this kinship is 

 proclaimed. My theory of affinity and repulsion gives us the philosophy of polar- 

 ization. The nature of the atom, when it becomes a compound, makes polariza- 

 tion almost a necessity. This theory also gives us the philosophy of radiation, 

 and of elasticity. 



What a breaking up of family ties when heat and light are put off into a 

 strange place. Notice the parallelisms. Take latent heat. We have it in solids, 

 in gases, in electricity, in chemical-rays, in color-rays. Take elasticity: We 

 have it in solids, in gases, in electricity, in chemical-rays, in color-rays, and in 

 heat. Take polarization : We have it in solids, in chemical compounds, in gases, 

 in electricity, in light, and in heat. Take chemical factors : The various ele- 

 ments, gases, electricity, chemical-rays, color-rays, heat, all are chemical factors; 

 each definite in its operations in every condition in which it acts. 



As to conduction through diff'erent metals compare electricity and heat. 

 They are as hke as twins. In all the standard books we have the following table 

 of conductivity : 



CONDUCTIVITY. 

 Name of Substance. For Electricity. For Heat. 



Silver loo loo 



Copper • • . 73 74 



Gold 59 53 



Brass 22 24 



Tin 23 15 



Iron. . 13 12 



Lead 11 9 



Platinum 10 8 . 



German Silver 6 6 



Bismuth 2 2 



If heat is only a ntode of motion, then electricity is only a mode of motion. 

 And from their kinship as shown in conduction it must be much the same kind 



