SOLAR DYNAMICS—SOME NEW ASTRONOMY. 317 



a line from the Sun to the Earth will make an angle of 23^° on the north side 

 of the equator. Then there is but one point possible for the Earth. It can only 

 be at P. 



The equinoxes too are fixed for us, for the plane of the equinoctial colure is 

 perpendicular to that of the solstices. Then the equinoxes are at X and D. At 

 X the Earth is 91,430,000 miles vertical to the Sun. And at D it will be 91,- 

 430,000 miles below the Sun. In one year the Sun will be at C. And then the 

 earth will be at L, a position exactly corresponding with E. Year after year we 

 will have this movement repeated. I trust the diagram is understood. The 

 points E and P in the path of the Earth are in our plane. From E to P the 

 Earth moves above, from P to L below, the line of the Sun's path. If the Sun 

 moves in this direction, and at this rate, the earth's movement must be precisely 

 as here shown. 



The above description answers for each of the figures on Plates III, IV and 

 V. In each of these we have the same plane, the plane of the solstitial colure; 

 but different movements in the plane. In these figures we have three different 

 rates of movement, and three different directions. The starting point of each is 

 the winter solstice ; when the earth is in this plane. And we know the precise 

 point. It is at that point in the plane, where at its appropriate distance from the 

 Sun, a line from the Sun will, make an angle of 23^° with an east and west line, 

 our equator. Now this is as definite as lines and angles in geometry can make . 

 it. As definite as the surveyor can be with reference to any locality. And the 

 locality of the Earth at the times of the equinoxes is equally definite. At the 

 time of the equinoxes the earth is, and must of necessity be, vertical with the 

 Sun. 



Referring again to our diagrams, on Plates III, IV, and V, at these several 

 rates, and in these several directions, the Earth must be as represented at E. The 

 same reasoning applies with regard to the points at P in these figures. The plane 

 of the earth's equator is, and must of necessity be, at right angles to this plane. 

 Hence "it is evident, that at the summer solstice, the Earth is farthest south rela- 

 tive to the Sun. This farthest point south must be in this plane; and at such a 

 point, that a line from the Sun to the earth's centre, will make an angle of 23^° 

 on the north side of its equator. If we have the true distance from the Sun, the 

 surveyor can tell the very acre in the universe of space in which this point will 

 be found. And as we know where the Sun will be at the end of the solstitial 

 year, we know that the Earth must be at L ; the locations being determined pre- 

 cisely as the points E were determined. In all these figures the Earth in passing 

 from E to P is above the line of the Sun's path, being at X 91,430,000 miles above 

 it; from P to L it is below, being at D 91,430,000 miles below. 



Are my positions thus far established ? I have proved nothing as to the 

 movement of the Sun. But I have proved that moving in these directions, and 

 at these rates, the diagram shows where the Earth would be at the time of the 

 solstices, and what would be its line of movement in making its revolution. If 

 the astronomer knows anything incompatible with the showing in the diagrams, 



