TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION IN EUROPE. 335 



Denmark has a Polytechnic Institute at Copenhagen, as well as a school for 

 a lower grade of technical instruction. Since 1873 numerous handiwork schools 

 have been started at the suggestion of Clauson-Kaas. 



Switzerland gives a high grade of technical instruction at the Polytechnic 

 School, and a lower grade at several industrial institutions where, however, there 

 are no workshops. Several handiwork schools are also reported. 



Austria-Hungary has technical schools at Vienna, Prague (2), Briinn, Gratz, 

 Lemberg, and Pesth. The national technical-industrial schools are all fully 

 equipped special schools. Among the secondary technical institutions the tech- 

 nological museum in Vienna holds first rank. The special schools which receive 

 State aid are very numerous. There are namely twenty-nine for bobbin-lace 

 work, embroidery, lace-making, and weaving ; twentjj-two for wood and stone- 

 work; six for ceramics and glass industry ; seven for working in metals, and five 

 for different kinds of work — in all sixty-nine. 



Germany has higher technical institutions in Berlin, Hanover, Aix-la-Cha- 

 pelle, Dresden, Miinster, Stuttgart, Brunswick and Carlsruhe. The twenty-four 

 provincial industrial schools established by Beuth in Prussia have come to naught. 

 In Barmen a high and lower grade technical-industrial school was founded in 

 1863. At Crefeld a higher textile school was estabUshed. In Remscheid and 

 Iserlohn there are special schools for metal and bronze-work, in Montaban near 

 Wiesbaden ceramic schools, in Heinsberg (Aix-la-Chapelle) workshops for basket- 

 weaving, in Glashiitte a watchmaker's school. There are also several private 

 building schools and advanced schools (Baugewerk schulen and Fortbildungs 

 schulen); in all 213 technical-industrial schools. 



An institution for general industrial training at Hamburg has a school for 

 builders connected with it. Saxony possesses industrial art schools in Dresden 

 and Leipsic, twenty weaving (Web und Wirkerei) schools, thirty-one lace, needle- 

 work and embroidery schools, three for spinning, two for wood carving and 

 working in wood generally, three for straw-plaiting, one for lead-workers, one 

 for instrument-makers, one for watch-makers, two schools of music, four ship 

 schools, and numerous drawing-schools. Middle grade technical-industrial in- 

 struction is given in five schools for foremen (Werkmeister schulen), and in a 

 higher grade technical-industrial school in chemistry. A still higher class of 

 work is found in the Polytechnicum at Dresden. The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg- 

 Gotha reports builders schools at Gotha and Coburg, and basket-weaving schools 

 or workshops scattered throughout the Duchy. Greitz and Gera have schools for 

 weaving, Brunswick an important school in connection with the Society for the 

 Advancement of Industrial Arts. At Holzminden there is a builder's school 

 (Baugeewrbe-schule). Schwerin has a similar school, and Mecklenburg has a 

 fishing-school at Wismar. 



Wurtenburg carries on industrial training by means of itinerant teachers, 

 various societies, a central organization, and in 153 industrial review-schools. 

 Baden gives a high grade of instruction in the polytechnicum at Carlsruhe, and a 

 lower gr^de in forty-four technical-industrial schools. At Carlsruhe there are 



VIII— 22 



