336 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 



both industrial-art and architectural schools. The Grand Duchy of Hesse has 

 forty-eight handiwork-review schools, a school of architecture or builder's school, 

 and a polytechnic school at Darmstadt. Bavaria has in connection with her in- 

 dustrial-review schools 251 vacation schools, also forty-five district industrial 

 schools and many special schools. Higher middle-grade instruction is given in 

 four Industrie schulen. Alsace-Lorraine gives technical training at Miihlhausen, 

 while Strasburg has a winter school for architects, and a skilled handiwork 

 school. 



HISTORY. 



LOUISIANA— HOW LOST TO THE FRENCH.— A Sketch. 



OSCAR W. COLLET. 



The old French and Indian war, begun in 1754, intimately effected the des- 

 tiny of Louisiana, although her soil was not invaded. As one of its results the . 

 Valley of the Mississippi was dismembered and the west half thrust upon Spain — 

 an unwillingly accepted gift. Nova Scotia and Canada, the vallies of the Ohio 

 and Mississippi, and the lands of far west, even to the shores of the South Sea, as 

 they called the Pacific, belonged to the French, or were claimed as theirs. To 

 protect what they actually possessed and support their pretensions, to secure safe 

 intercommunication between the north part of their possessions and the south, 

 and constrain the English to confine themselves to the eastern slopes of the 

 Alleghany Mountains, a series of defensive works was designed, extending from 

 the Mississippi to the Lakes. 



Land hunger on the part of the English, large grants north of the Ohio, 

 restlessness of backwoodsmen, the eagerness of the rivals to monopolize the fur 

 trade, and national antipathies and prejudices, mutually fostered, were among the 

 causes of this war — a war so destructive in the event to the interests of one of 

 the combatants. 



Unity of direction, concentration of population at a few points, mihtary spirit 

 and military habits, and the friendship of the Indian tribes who inhabited the 

 western wilderness were on the side of the French, though inadequately compen- 

 sating for the disparity of numbers between them and their rivals. All told, 

 their continental possessions contained scarcely sixty thousand souls, whereas 

 the English colonists were estimated at more than a miUion, besides their alliance 

 with the Iroquois, the most formidable by far of all the northern savages, and 

 especially favorably situated to co-operate in any movement, directed against 

 Canadian posts, or the regions of the upper Ohio River. 



The English who ventured westward were seized and imprisoned ; the Vir- 



