THE GERM ORIGIN OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 377 



He also exhibited a portion of the right side of a human under-jaw which 

 was found by Dr. C. C. Abbott, in place in the gravel, fourteen feet from the 

 surface, at the railroad cut near the station at Trenton, New Jersey. It will be 

 remembered that in this same gravel deposit Dr. Abbott has found numerous 

 rudely made implements of stone, and that in 1882 he found a human tooth 

 about twelve feet from the surface, not far from the spot where, as he states, the 

 fragment of jaw was discovered on April 18, 1884. Both the tooth and piece of 

 jaw are in the Peabody Museum, and they are much worn as if by attrition in 

 the gravel. That they are as old as the gravel deposit itself there seems to be 

 no doubt, whatever age geologists may assign to it, and they were apparently 

 deposited under the same conditions as the mastodon tusk which was found sev- 

 eral years since not far from where the human remains were discovered. While 

 there is no doubt as to the human origin of the chipped stone implements which 

 have been found in the Trenton gravel, a discovery to which archseology is in- 

 debted to Dr. Abbott, the fortunate finding of these fragments of the human skele- 

 ton add to the evidence which Dr. Abbott has obtained in relation to the exist- 

 ence of man previous to the formation of the great Trenton gravel deposit. 



MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 



THE GERM ORIGIN OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 



H. R. PAYNE, M. D. 



It must be the common observation of every thoughtful person that we are 

 living in an age of great progress, and that the learned theories and traditions of 

 the past are rapidly giving way to the new lights of to-day. We see this to some 

 extent in every department of learning, we see it in the sciences, and especially 

 so, when applied to the art and science of medicine. 



Medical history in the early ages advanced from the time of Hippocrates, to 

 that of Galen; in the dark ages it receded; upon the revival of letters, as in other 

 departments of learning, it emerged from the general gloom. In the early part 

 of the seventeenth century Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood; in the 

 following century Jenner made his great discovery as to the protective power of 

 the vaccine virus, at about the same time Galvani achieved a world wide reputa- 

 tion as the discoverer of galvanism ; Faraday followed him by making additional 

 discoveries in electricity and electro-magnetism ; in materia medica, perhaps, the 



Foot-prints on Surface of Compact = 15 feet 9 inches to 16 feet 3 inches of mateiials 



Tufa (quarried for building above foot-prints. 



purposes). .This bed of tufa 



is forty-seven inches thick 



and rests upon the original soil, containing stems and leaves; probably the former level of 



llae lake. 



