BOOK NOTICES. 661 



instances he knows as little now as then of geology, notwithstanding his subse- 

 quent "course" in college. 



Dr. Winchell, in this text-book takes the pupil in this impressible stage of life 

 and by means of illustrations from the garden, the field, the gravel bank, the 

 laboratory, in the marble yard, by the water side, in the gorge, at the rocky ledge, 

 etc., familiarizes even the youngest pupil with the various kinds of rocks, gravels, 

 and clays of, which the crust of the earth is formed. He then takes excursions to 

 the White Mountains to examine the Eozoic rocks ; to the Upper Mississippi to 

 examine the Cambrian formation ; to Niagara Falls to learn the history of the 

 Silurian; to Mackinac for the Devonian ; to Burlington, Iowa, for the Lower Car- 

 boniferous; to Selma, Alabama, for the Mesozoic rocks; to Claiborne, Alabama, 

 for the Tertiary formations , to the river valleys for the Quartenary ; to Switzerland 

 for Glaciers, and finally, through the Ages for a comprehensive history of the 

 plants and animals of the past. 



Much use is also made of maps in training the learner, objectively, to proper 

 conceptions of superposition, succession, continuity and other phenomena of the 

 stratified rocks. 



At the end of each chapter "Exercises," consisting of questions upon the 

 previous statements and subjects growing out of them, are found, which is an ad- 

 mirable feature of the work, since it tends to keep the pupil thinking for himself 

 and not permitting him to depend solely upon his text-book. 



As a text-book for beginners in the study of Geology — and they cannot begin 

 much too early — this is the best work we have ever seen, and the advantage of 

 it is that any teacher can teach it without previous knowledge of the subject. 



Conditions of Mental Development, and Other Essays : By Wm. King- 

 dom CUfford, F.R.S. Price 15 cents, post-free. J. Fitzgerald, New York, 

 1885. 



This volume forms No. 65 of the Library of Popular Science. Besides the 

 essay on Mental Development, it contains three other essays by the same dis- 

 tinguished author, namely, "The Aims and Instruments of Scientific Thought;" 

 "Atoms;" and "The First and Last Catastrophe." Prof. Clifford stood in the 

 foremost rank of scientific philosophers, and the essays here published are among 

 his most elaborate productions. They are now for the first time offered at such a 

 price as to bring them within the reach of all. 



School Keeping. How to Do It: By Hiram Orcutt, LL. D. i6mo. , pp. 

 248. New England PubHshing Co., Boston, 1885. For sale by M. H. 

 Dickinson; Cloth $1.00. 



The design of Dr. Orcutt in publishing this work is to aid and encourage 

 those who need and would profit by the experience of others and to awaken an 

 interest among other classes as well as teachers in the subjects treated. 



