262 DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 



Even in this small area, liowever, there are two floras, corresponding to the Arctic 

 Norwegian and Arctic Russian. The latter, commencing at the "White Sea, though com- 

 paratively excessively poor in species, contains nearly twenty that are not Lapponian, 

 including Bratja rosea, DlantJius alpinus and Seguieri, Sx>ircea chanicedrifolia, Saxifraga 

 Jderacifolia, Sieracleum Sibiricum, Ligularia Sibirica, Ftarmica alpina, Genticma verna, 

 Pleurogyne rotata, and Larix Sibirica. 



There are further several Scandinavian plants which cross the arctic circle on the east 

 shores of the Wliite Sea, hut do not do so in Lapland, as Athamanta Libanotis, Chrysan- 

 themum Leucanthemum, Bidens tripartita, and others. 



Iceland and Greenland also hotanically belong to the Arctic Lapland province, but I 

 have here excluded both : the former because it lies to the south of the arctic circle ; the 

 latter Ijecause both its magnitude, position, and other circumstances, require that it should 

 be treated of separately. 



As far as I can ascertain, 616 species ( ^^ ^ ' ' \ = 1:23) enter the 



^ VDicotyledons 433 J / 



arctic circle in this region, of which 70 advance into Spitzbergen ; but no phsenogamic 

 plant is found in Ross' Islet beyond its northern extremity. The proportion of genera 

 to species 266 : 616 | 1 : 2-3. Of these Arctic-European plants, 453 cross the Alps or 

 Pyrenees to the Mediterranean basin, a few occur on the mountains of Tropical Africa (in- 

 cluding Luzida campestris and Beschampsia ccespitosa), and 23 are found in South Africa. 



No fewer than 264 species do not enter the arctic circle in any other longitude, and 

 184 are almost exclusively natives of the Old World, or of this and of Greenland ; not 

 being found in any part of North America ; 24 are confined to Arctic Europe and Green- 

 land. 



The following Arctic European plants are of sporadic occurrence in N. America : — 



Ranunculus acris, Rocky Mountains. Genticma nivalis, Greenland and Labrador. 



Arabis alpina, Greenland and Labrador. Veronica alpina, Greenland and U. States Moun- 

 Lychnis alpina, Greenland and Labrador. tains. 



Arenaria arctica, Greenland and Rocky Moun- Bartsia alpina, Greenland and Labrador, 



tains, Pedicularis paluslris, Labrador. 



verna, Greenland, Arctic Islands, and Primula farinosa, Labrador. 



Rocky Mountains. Sali.r jjkylicifolia, U. States Mountains. 



AlchemiUa vulgaris, Greenland and Labrador. arbicscula, Greenland and U. States Moun- 



Gnaphalium sylvaticum, Greenland and Labrador. tains. 



siipinum, Greenland, Labrador, and U. Juncus trifidus, Greenland and U. States Moun- 



States Mountains. tains. 



Vaccinium myrtillus, Rocky Mountains only. Car ex capitata, Greenland and U. States Moun- 

 Cassiopeia hypnoldes, Greenland, U. States Moun- tains. 



tains, and Labrador. Phleum alpinum, Greenland, U. States Mountains, 

 Phyllodoce taxifolia, Greenland, U. States Moun- and Labrador. 



tains, and Labrador. Calainagrostis lanceolata, Labrador. 



There are besides a considerable number of Arctic European plants, which, in the New 

 World, are confined to Greenland, being nowhere found in East America : these will be 

 enumerated when treatin": of the Greenland flora. 



