274 DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 



found only on the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and Parnassia Kotzebuei, a 

 species which is scarcely diffei'ent from palustris. 



The only plants which are not members of the arctic flora elsewhere, and which are 

 confined in Greenland to the temperate zone, besides the above American plants, are Blihim 

 glaiicimi, JPotamogeton marinus, Sparganimn minimum, and Streptoptis amplexlfolius : the 

 rest will all be found in the column of the arctic plant catalogue dcA-^oted to Greenland, 

 where S. signifies that the species is found south only of the arctic circle in that country. 



On the other hand Temperate Greenland adds very materially to the number of Euro- 

 pean Arctic species that do not enter Eastern America (Arctic or Temperate), amongst 

 which the most remarkable are 



Cerastium viscosura. Galium palustre. Betula alpestris. 



Vicia cracca. Leontodon autumnale. Juncus trifidus. 



Rubus saxatilis. Hieracium murorum. squarrosus. 



Sedum annuum. -■ alpinum. Anthoxanthum odoratum. 



Galium uliginosum. " Gentiana aurea. Nardus stricta. 



Another anomalous feature in the Greenland flora is the presence, on the East Arctic 

 coast, of some species not found on the west, nor in the temperate southern end of the 

 peninsula. These are : — 



Lychnis dioica (Arctic Europe). 



Saxifraga Hirculus (abundant in all extreme arctic latitudes but West Greenland). 

 Polemonium caeruleum (all arctic longitudes but West Greenland). 

 Deschampsia caespitosa (all arctic longitudes, but also absent in Spitzbergen). 



Eor data, connected with the Greenland flora, I am mainly indebted to the collections 

 of the various polar voyagers in search of a north-west passage, especially to Drs. Lyall's 

 and Sutherland's ; to Lange's catalogue in Eincke's ' Greenland '; and to the notices of 

 Vahl, Greville, Sir AVilliam Hooker, &c., on the plants collected by Sabine, Scoresby, 

 Ross, Jameson, Graah, and Vahl, &c. ; to Sutherland's appendix to Penny's voyage and 

 Durand's to Kane's voyage. 



There is a curious affinity between Greenland and certain localities in America, which 

 concerns chiefly a few of the European plants common to these countries. Eirst, there 

 are in Labrador, or on the Rocky Mountains, or White Mountains of New Hampshire, a 

 certain number of European plants found nowhere else in the American continent. They 

 are : — 



Ranunculus acris (Rocky Mountains). \ Gentiana nivalis (Labrador). 



Arabis alpina (Labrador). Veronica alpina (White Mountains). 



Lychnis alpina (Labrador). Bartsia alpina (Labrador). 



Sibbaldia procumbens (Rocky Mountains). Salix Arbuscula (White Mountains). 



Potentilla verna (Labrador). Luzula spicata (White Mountains). 



Montia fontana (Labrador). Juncus trifidus (White Mountains). 



Gnaphahum sjlvaticum (Labrador). Carex capitata (White Mountains). 



supinum (Labrador & White Mountains). Kobresia scirpina (Rocky Mountains). 



Cassiopeia hypnoides (Labr. & White Mounts.). Phleum alpinum (White Mountains & Labrador). 



Phyllodoce taxifblia (Labr. & White Mounts.). Calamagrostis lanceolata (Labrador). 



