DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 313 



land ; Bentliam would unite them all. The absence of any form in Greenland is a most 

 remarkable fact, the common one being most abundant and conspicuous in Iceland. 



Delphhstium Middendorffii. Trautvetter, the author of this species, indicates its affinity 

 with Menziesii, but does not appear to have compared it with that plant, which, judging 

 from the figure of Trautvetter, may not be distinguished. Whether D. Menziesii itself 

 may not be the same with some better-known species, is a question for future deter- 

 mination. 



D. intermedium. Ait., is elatum /3, Turc. (El. Baik. Dahur.). 



Aquilegia Canadensis, L. The very close affinity and probable identity of A. Cana- 

 densis, L., and A.formosa, Fisch., is indicated in the 'Flora Indica;' and on re-examina- 

 tion, with more specimens of the former to compare, I find no reason for modifying that 

 conclusion. 



A. brevistylis. Hook. Originally doubtfully referred by Richardson to A. vulgaris, L. ; 

 the styles, however, which are somewhat variable in the European plant, are always much 

 shorter in the American. It is a very northern species in America, and not hitherto 

 known west of the Rocky Mountains, though I have seen specimens of a Sitka plant, in 

 an indiff'erent state, which is a great deal like it. It is also allied to the Siberian A. 

 parvijlora. Led. 



AcT^^A spicata, L. The A. rubra, Willd., is referred to nigra by Fries, both being Lap- 

 ponian. Asa Gray (in litt.) combines with them A. alba. Big., and arguta, Nutt, 



Papaver nudicaule is now almost universally regarded as specifically the same with 

 alpinum, L. 



FuMARiA officinalis, L., occurs sporadically throughout Nordland, according to Fries 

 and Andersson, but can hardly, I think, be considered an indigenous plant. 



NcPHAB, lutea, L. This, together with the species enumerated under it, and N. ad- 

 uena, Ait., are, perhaps, rather forms of one collective or aggregate species than perma- 

 nent undistinguishable plants ; and it is further possible that the N. sagittcefolia, Pursh, 

 may be another state, in which the early sagittate form of leaf is retained in the adult 

 plant. Torrey and Gray refer Kalmiana to lutea (3, and say of advena that it is not 

 specifically distinct. Asa Gray latterly keeps up advena and Kalmiana, but adds to the 

 latter N. intermedia, Led. ? Nyman and Ledebour keep all distinct. Watson, from his 

 notes under pumila, seems to regard it with doubt. Fries keeps lutea and puinila di- 

 stinct, but regards intermedia. Led., as a variety of lutea, and adds as a Lapland variety 

 to pumila the Spenneriana, Gaud. Lastly, Koch keeps lutea, pumila, and Spenneriana, 

 all distinct ; and Bentham unites the two first together with intermedia and minima 

 of Engl. Bot. 



Barbabba vulgaris, Br. This, again, is either a collective species or several species 

 variously discriminated. Fries distinguishes stricta, Fr., vulgaris, Br. (including under 

 it as a variety arcuata, Reich.), and prcecox, Sm. Nyman excludes prcecox, Br., frcu 

 Scandinavia, and reduces proicox, Sm., to arcuata. W:;tson finds himscif couipcllcil to 



