330 DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 



S. cestivalis, Eiscli., is reduced to 2>iinctaia by Ledeboui-. 



CoNiosELiNUM Tcitaricum, Eiscli., and Selinum Gmeliiii, Dc Bray, are both synonyms 

 of C. Fischeri, Wimm. 



Archangelica littoralls, Fries. Walilenberg originally regarded this as a variety, and, 

 I think, rightly, its characters being slight and of relative value only. Ledebour doubts its 

 claims. Fries, who keeps it distinct, discusses the species (Summa, p. 181). 



A. Norvegica, Tabern., is not contained in Fries's ' Summa.' Uuprecht (Flor. Samojed.) 

 gives it as the Angelica Archangelica (3 of Linneeus, and adds that it is most highly 

 esteemed as an article of food. 



A. atropurpnrea, Hoffm. This is the "Common Archangelica" of American authors, 

 which, according to the specimen I have seen and descriptions I have compared, differs 

 A^ery slightly from Angelica Archangelica, L. The Pltijsoloph'mm saxatile, Turcz, {Coelo- 

 2Jleurum [Fleurosj^enuiDn, Bong.J Gmelini, Led. fid. Flor. Ochotsk.), is, as far as I can 

 make out from descriptions, either a form of Archangelica officinalis, or some very closely 

 allied plant which I cannot distinguish from its forms. 



Athamanta arctica, Nym., is Libanotis arctica, E,upr., a plant of which but one specimen 

 is known, differing, according to its author, from condensata, L., in the colour of the flower 

 only. DeCandolle reduces condensata to a var. of A. Libanotis, L. ; and A. Sibirica is 

 only another form of the same species. 



Heracleum arcticmn, Rupr. I have not seen this plant, which, from a careful compa- 

 rison of its description with H. Sibiricum, I take to be an arctic state of that plant. 



Pachypleurum alpimmi, Led., is the same with G-aya {Neogaya) simplex, Gaud. 



SiUM latifolium, L., is stated by Gunner to be an inhabitant of Tromsoe (Wahlenberg) ; 

 but I do not find so northern a habitat confirmed by Fries or Andersson, and so have not 

 included the species. 



Viburnum Opuhis, L., scarcely reaches the arctic circle in Lapland. V. Oxy coccus, Pursh, 

 is finally identified with it by A. Gray. 



Galium uliginosum, L. Watson remarks that states of this are frequently confounded 

 vf\i\i palustre and jyiisillum, which may well be the case with arctic specimens. 



G. trijidum. L. Ruprecht calls the European plant /3. EtiropcBum, and indicates some 

 differences, which I do not think hold in the extensive suite of sj)ecimens I have examined. 

 G. Claytoni was thought to be distinct in ' Flor. Bor.-Am.,' but is reduced by Torrey and 

 Gray, and by Ledebour. 



G. infestum, W. K. Fries considers this to be a variety of Ap>arine ; and it alone is 

 Lapponian. 



G. saxatile, L., docs not advance north of Southern Norway, nor west of Uralian 

 Siberia ; hence its being arctic in Greenland is remarkable. It is also Icelandic. 



Nardosmia frigida, Hk., corymbosa, Hk., and sagittata, Ilk., are clearly all forms of 

 one rather variable plant, connected by intermediates. 



N. straminea, Cass. United with N. Icevigata, DC, by Ledebour ; but Huprecht con- 

 siders it different. 



