332 DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 



Antennaria liyperborea, Don, is considered by Fries to be a corymbose form of 

 clioica, Br. 



Gnaphalium Nonegicimi, Gunn. Fries and Kocli consider this a distinct species 

 from sylvaticum, both being Lapponian. Watson finds the British Norvegicum so linked to 

 sylvaticum, that he is obliged to treat them as one. Bentham considers Norvegicum a 

 high-arctic and alpine form of sylvaticum. 

 - G. pilulare, Wahl., is reduced to a var. of uligiiiosnm by Fries. 



Abnica montana, L., certainly includes the three v.hich I have included under it, 

 and which hardly deserve to be ranked as constant varieties. Fries keeps alpina 

 distinct, and assigns it a more northern habitat than montana. Torrey and Gray unite 

 angustjfolia, Vahl, with alpina, Lsest., and make of it montana /3. alp)ina. The angiisti- 

 folia, H. & A., is by the same authors considered the same as alpina, and called angusti- 

 folia (5. Lessingii ; they observe, at the same time, that the arctic forms, though so very 

 closely approaching, appear quite distinct in more southern habitats. Durand (Kane's 

 Voy.) unites alpina, Wshl., 23lantaginea and fulgens, Pursh, with montana, var. alpina, L. 



Senecio resedcefoUiis, Less., is Arctic Russian, but not Lapponian. 



S. arcticus, iiupr., is Cineraria congesta, Br., " senstt latiore ?" of Fries; and C. congesta, 

 Br., is reduced by him to a northern var. of ^S*. palnstris. The absence of both this and 

 campestris in Greenland is very remarkable. 



S. campestris, L. I have very carefuUy compared many specimens of the plants placed 

 under this, and am quite unal:)le to discriminate between their forms. According to Koch 

 and Fries, Cineraria alpina includes C. campestris, Retz. C aurantiaca, Hoppe, is kept 

 distinct by Koch, but united by Fries as a var. of C. alpina. 



S. octoglossns, Ledeb., is referred by Fries to nemorensis, which in Scandinavia is not 

 found south of Lapland. 



LiGTJLARiA Sibirica, L., is found only in East Lapland and Arctic Russia, Finland, &c., 

 not in Nordland. 



SoLiDAGO mnltiradiata, Alton, is the Virga-aurea y of Torrey and Gray, and e. arctica 

 of Ledebour. 



Aster Richardsoni, Spr., and montanus, Richardson, are referred to Sibiricus by Fries, 

 and, I think, rightly ; also doubtfully by Pi-uprecht. Trautvetter (Flora Boganid.) refers 

 Richardsoni to Sibiricus /3. subintegerrima. 



A.pygmceus, T. &. G. I have vainly sought to distinguish this from salsuginosus. 



A. alpinus, L. (with whicli A. flaccidus, Bunge, of Siberia and Dahuria appears to be 

 identical), is not repiited to be Scandinavian, but a native of the Alps and Carpathians. 



A. falcatus, LindL, is certainly nothing but multiflorus. Ait. 



Erigeron trifidus, Hook., is identical with compositus, Psh., as is now well known. 



E. elongatus, Led. Fries, who keeps this distinct, says (in Herb. Norm.) that it should 

 rather he considered a form of acris, of which it appears to me to be a mere variety, and 

 a very slight one. 



E.poHtm, Fr. This also Fries keeps distinct ; he considers it most allied to alpinus, and 



