DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 343 



from laUfolia by the crispate callosities on the labellum. Watson includes the English 

 media under latifolia, but doubts its being the same as Pries's plant. Bentham unites the 

 English one, which I have seen under cultivation in Dr. Lindley's garden, where it was 

 considered by that learned author to be a slight variety of latifolia, and essentially the 

 same as Fries's media, though differing somewhat. 



Cypmpedium acaule. Ait., is a synonym of linmile, according to A. Gray. 

 C. Calceolus, L., is introduced into the Arctic European column on Ledebour's authority ; 

 it is not in Fries's List as an Arctic Lapland plant. 



SiSTBiNCHiUM Bermudianum, L. The distribution of this plant is very extensive, reach- 

 ing from the arctic circle to the Bahamas ; and I strongly suspect that an Andean and 

 Chilian species is identifiable with it. 



S, anceps, Cav., is referred by A. Gray and others to a variety of Berimidiammi, L. 



Sparganium liyperhoreum, Lsest., is S. nutans (5. submuticmn, Ilartmann ; it is not in 

 Fries's ' Summa,' where S. natans appears as an Arctic Lapland species. 



Narthecitjm Americanum, Ker. This, though kept up in all the American Floras, 

 appears to me to be absolutely identical with the European N. ossifragum. 



LtrzuLA spadicea, DC. All the species, &c., enumerated under this are considered 

 varieties or synonyms, by Ernest Meyer in Ledebour's ' Flora Rossica.' L. glabrata, Hoppe, 

 is distinct according to Fries, and is the spiadicea y of DeCandolle, and v Kunthii of 

 E. Meyer ; it is distinguished by the usually single-flowered pedicels. L. parvijlora, 

 Desv., also kept distinct by Fries, and found throughout Lapland, is spadicea s of E. Meyer. 

 L.meloAiocarpa, Desv., is considered a var. oi piarviflora by Asa Gray. L. Wahlenbergii, 

 Rupr., is the same with spadicea v Kunthii, E. Meyer. For remarks on its distinctness 

 from glabrata and parvijlora see Ruprecht's 'Flor. Samojed.' Trautvetter (Plant. Taim.) 

 observes that some of Ruprecht's Wahlenbergii probably belong to a var. of hyperborea. 



L. pallescens, "Wahl. Fries regards this as a species not yet fully established. Koch 

 makes of it multijlora, var. i. E. Meyer and Bentham unite it, congesta, and multiflora 

 with campestris. 



L. multiflora, Ehr., is campestris j3 of DC. and E. Meyer. Fries and Koch keep it 

 distinct and include congesta under it. 



L. hyperborea, Br. E. Meyer and most authors unite this with arcuata, Hook. Fries 

 distinguishes it specifically by its plane leaves and capitate spikes. 



L. vernalis, DC, is referred to pilosa, by Koch, E. Meyer, and most authors. 



JuNCUS biglumis, L., and triglumis, L., are united by Bentham, and are possibly states 

 of one plant, though always so distinguishable that most other authors keep them apart. 



J. conglomeratus, L., and effusus, L., the two principal forms of J. communis, Ehr., arc 

 both arctic. 



J. Balticus, Willd. Bentham observes that this is probably a luxuriant form of 

 arcticus. 



J. uliginosus, Roth. Fries and Koch keep this (the supimis, Mcench.) distinct from 

 articulatus. E. Meyer regards them as synonyms. 



