OF THE AMAZON VALLEY. 553 



the 1st and 2nd median branches. Beneath, the same, except that there is (in some 

 examples) a row of four white spots along the outer margin. 



Sind icing precisely as in T. Sarmonia, namely, tawny-orange, with a broad stripe 

 along the fore margin not reaching the costa or the apex, an outer border, widening 

 towards the anal angle, and a central stripe from the abdominal edge to the lower radial, 

 crossing part of the cell, black. Beneath, the same, except that there is a row of fourteen 

 silvery-white submarginal spots. 



Common on the banks of the Cuparl (branch of the Tapajos), where it replaces 

 T. Marmonia, of which it is a tolerably well-marked local variety. I found it only in the 

 district just named ; whilst T. Sarmonia ranges, under its typical form, over a wide tract 

 of country, from Surinam, Para, and the Tocantins to the banks of the Upper Amazons. 



SubfamUy HELICONIN^ *. 

 Genus Heliconius, 



Heliconiusf, Felder, Wien. Entom. Monatsschr. 1862, p. 79- 



Heliconia (Latr.), Doubled, and Hewits. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 101, and authors. 



1. Heliconius Sylvan a, Cramer. 



Papilio Sylvana, Cramer, Pap. Exot. t. 364. f. C, D. 



This species is common throughout the Amazon region, in company with H. Numata, 

 Melincea Ugina, Mechanitis Folymnia, and other species of Beliconidce. I have found 

 examples which almost link it to H. Numata ; indeed the three forms S. Numata, 

 S. Sylvana, and H. Eucoma might be treated as so many varieties of one stock, being in 

 an iacomplete state of segregation. 



2. Heliconius Numata, Cramer. 



Papilio Numata, Cram. Pap. Exot. t. 297. f- C, D. 



This species is so variable that it is difficult to find two examples exactly alike. 

 Cramer's figure represents a frequent aberration, in which the central stripe of the hind 

 wing is connected by dark lines with the hind border ; in the markings of the fore wings, 

 however, it exhibits nearly the most common form of the species. It differs from H. 

 Sylvana in the following points : — 



1. The yellow crossbelt of the fore wing lies wholly beyond the cell ; the black apical 

 part is much smaller ; and there is only one transverse row of spots, which are three in 

 number and widely separated. 



2. The black spot in the middle of the fore-wing cell is connected with a line of the 

 same colour, which runs to the base. 



* Synonymous with our Acraeoid HeliconidcB, p. 496. The smaU nervule mentioned (in the note on that page) as 

 one of the distinguishing characters of the Dauaoid HeliconidcB, was considered by Doubleday (who noticed it in the 

 BanaidcE proper) to be the internal nervure. It is connected with the submedian nervure, and not the median, as 

 stated by inadvertence. 



t Dr. Felder proposes this innovation of the masculine for the feminine termination, on the grounds that the name 

 Heliconia clashes with that of a group of plants inhabiting the same region, and that Linnseus first used the word in 

 the masculine form, Papiliones Heliconii. 



4 E 2 



