i6. Introduction of written language in Mongolia in the 



Thirteenth Century. 



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By Rai Sahat Ciiandba Das, Bahadur, CLE. 



The Tartai* Conqueroz^, Chinghis Khan, at the age of 45, in- 

 vaded Tibet with his hordes iu the year 1202-3 A.D. At this time 

 Tibet was divided into several petty independent states under 

 rulers called Desrid and chiefs called JDeha. There were also a 



few Buddhist hierai-chies in U and Tsang which flourished under 



protect 



When 



try 



did not unite together in a body to oppose the invader, but on the 



contrary welcomed him, Desrid Jog ah of U and Kundor of the 

 province of Tshal-wa received him with royal honours. So, 

 practically the Tibetans presented their country ^ to the con- 

 queror Chinghis Khan, who after fully establishing his supre- 

 macy over Tibet, is said to have returned to Monerolia. He hent 



n 



hierarch 



Mongol 



troducing the religion of Buddha in Mongolia. Although the 

 Lama had not obtained a personal interview with the Conqueror 



during his stay in Tibet, yei^ it is stated, that a kind of spiritual 

 relation had been established between the two parties from a 

 distance ; and revenues of Tibet wexe appropriated to religious 



services and to the support of the Buddhist clergy of U and Tsang 

 by the permission of the Conqueror, 



Prom this cii'cumstance, the Tibetan historians have thought 

 it fit to give Chinghis Khan a place among the Dharma Raja 

 (Buddhist kings), though it is doubtful if the Conqueror himself 



ever cared for it. 



After Chinghis's death, his grandsons, princes Guyug and 

 Gutan, at their mother's advice, proceeded with their followers to 

 par Thala in northern Shin-Aing and at first ruled there. From 

 Car Thala they extended their dominions down to Kham. While 

 they were reigning at Lanchau within the great wall, they sent 



I It then comprised of l^ahri Koreiun ^C;Q^"^^?r|^'^3^ f; 

 Cr ^5|; Tsang ^3fc [ . Eu-bslai ^'^^ I ^^^ ^^^^ divisiona ; South' 



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Kham gT33*I^I | ; ^ortli Kliani and the three Gang Jj^'^jQ^ ] • 



