Vol. Ill, No. 7.] Note on the History of the Caste System. 513 



forward in this paper, as to the jurisdictional factor in the 

 history of caste, is to look for sets of sub-castes bearing the same 

 geographical names. Each of the old tribal kingdoms would 

 naturally have had its own section of Brahmans, traders, carpen- 

 ters, etc., and we should expect to find traces of these complete sets 

 of castes surviving at the present day. We do, in fact, find such 

 traces, though in many cases the sub-castes are now named from 

 cities which are known to have been founded after the arrival of 

 the Muhammadans in India. This may be due either to the fact 

 that the caste organisation in these cases is really of later origin, 

 due to the imitation of the higher classes by the lower ; or to the 

 jurisdiction over caste offences having passed, on the fall of the 

 Hindu kings, to the craft gilds, who naturally made their princi- 

 pal seats in the largest cities, and were quite ready to migrate 

 from an old capital to a new one, whose name they would then 

 adopt as their own. Thus in Gujarat we find castes with 

 Ahmadabadi and Surati sub-divisions, though these two cities did 

 not exist before the 15th century. 



The following cases of sets of sub-castes, bearing the same 

 geographical name, are taken from VoLIXof the Bombay Gazet- 

 teer (Gujarat Population) ; 



AJimdddbddi section among Ghanchis (oilmen) and Mochis 

 (shoemakers). — The city of Ahmadabad was founded in 1413 A.n, 

 on the site of Asaval, which was a place of some importance as 

 far back as Al-Berimi's time (c. 1000 a,v.), 



Champanerz section among Ghanchis (oilmen) and Kau- 

 saras (bellmetal casters). — Champaner was the seat of a Hindu 

 raja early in the 15th century, and became the capital of Gujarat 

 in 1484 A.D., but fell into decay soon afterwards, and has been un- 

 inhabited for the last 150 years. 



Gujar section among Darjis(tailors"),Sonis(goldtimiths),Sutars 



(carpenters), Charans (bards), Dheds (scavengers), and Banyas 

 (traders).— It is not clear whether in these cases we have to do with 

 a true sub-caste, or with a vague geographical or linguistic division. 

 Taken strictly, the name seems to apply to the kingdom of North- 

 em Gujarat and Southern Marwar, which was known to Hiuen 

 Thsang under the name of Kin-che-lo, and the capital of which 

 gave its name to the Shrimati sections of Brahmans, Banyas and 

 Sonis (goldsmiths), 



Harsold section among Brahmans and Banyas. 



JJiarold or Jholord section among Brahmans and Banyas. 



Khamhdti section among Luhars (blacksmiths), and Mochis 

 (shoemakers). — Cambay was a large porlrin the time of Al-Masnd 

 (913 A.D.) and has remained a place of importance ever since. 



Khdddyatd section among Brahmans and Banyas. — The name 

 is said to be derived from the village of Khadlt near Parantij. 



Kheddvdl section among Brahmans and Banyas (see above). 



Kachela, or its synonym Parajia, is the name of a section 

 among Luhars, Sonis, Charans and Brahmans. Tlie name Kachella 

 occurs in inscriptions as early as the 8th century for the people of 

 Kocb. 



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