514 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [July, 1907. 



Mdru^ or its synonym Maryada,is the name of a section among- 

 Darjis (tailors), KansSras (bellmetal casters), Sonis (goldsmiths), 

 Sutars (carpenters), Charans (bards), and Dheds (scavengers). — -It 

 denotes a man from the Rajputana desert. As in the case of 

 Gujar, it is possible that the name sometimes does not denote a 

 true sub-caste but is used in a vague sense. 



Modh section among Brahmans, Banyas and Ghanchis (oil- 

 men). — This case is of interest because the town of Modhera 

 does not seem to have ever liad any great historical importance, 

 though no doubt it was the capital of a small district. 



Mevddd section among Brahmans, Banyas, Sonis (gold- 

 smiths), and Sutars (carpenters). — ^It takes its name from the king- 

 dom of the Rana of Udepur, whose history goes back to the 8tb 

 century a.d. 



Nandora section among Brahmans and Banyas. — The name 

 is doubtless derived from Nandipuri, the capital of the Gurjaras 

 of Broach (c. 580—750 a.d.). 



No gar section among Banyas and Brahmans. — The name 

 seems to be derived from Vadnagar (Bhagwanlal's Gujarat, p. 6), 

 the old capital of the province known as Anartta. 



Patam section among Ghanchis (oilmen) and Dheds (sca- 

 vengers), as well as among Sonis (goldsmiths) as a subdivision 

 of Parajias, — The name is derived from Anhilvad Patau, the 

 capital of the Solanki kings (961-1242 a.d.). 



Eavideshi section among Bhavsara (calico-printers) and 

 Darjis (tailors). — The name seems to belong to North-eastern 

 Gujarat. 



Sdyakwal section among Brahmans and Banjas, from Raika 

 near Dhandhuka. 



Surati section among Ghanchis (oilmen), Luhars (blaksmiths). 

 Modus (shoemakers) and Dheds (scavengers). — Surat cannot 

 be traced in history with certainty before 1531 a.d., when it 

 was sacked by the Portuguese. Before that date as far back as 

 1000 A,D. the chief town of the Tapti Yalley was Rander, now a 

 suburb of Surat. * 



Srimali section among Brahmans, Banyas and Sonis {see 

 above). 



Sorathid section among Brahmans and Banyas {see above). 

 Vnyada section among Bralimans and Banyas, from Vayad 

 near Patan. 



The above examples are taken from tlie castes of a sino^le 

 province, but the number of cases could be indefinitely increased 

 with a little research. But, besides these cases where sets of 



castes bear the same local name, it will also be found that some- 

 times a sub-caste of Brahmans and a sub-caste of Banyas, which are 

 locally connected, nevertheless bear different names, owing to the 

 Brahmans having settled in a village of their own not at but near 

 the trading centre of the kingdom. Thus we find the Kandol 

 Brahmans and Kapol Banyas in Gujarat; the Karade Brahmans 

 and the Patani Banyas (of Patau in Satara) in the Deccan; the 

 Deorukha Brahmans and the Sangameshvari Banyas in the 



