610 Journal oj the Asiatic Society of Bengal, [November, 1907. 



This Mil (subject) is fiery (predicate), because it has smoJce 

 (reason), like a kitchea (a bomogeneous example), unlike a Zate 

 (a heterogeneous example). 



The reason, mark or middle term must possess three charac- 

 teristics as noted below : 



(1) It must be connected wilh the subject, e.^., smoke (reason) 

 is connected with the hill (subject) in the above-mentioned 

 reasoning. 



(2) It must be included only in the cases which are homo- 

 geneous with tlie predicate, e.g., the smoke (leason) is found in a 

 kitclien wldch is homogeneous with the fiery things, 



(3) It must he totally excluded from cases which are hetero- 

 geneous fiom the predicate, e.g., the smoke (lea^^on) is not found in 

 a lake which is heterogeneous from the fiery things. 



. The aboYe-mentioned characteristics may be symbolised as 

 follows : 



(1) All S is R, \ ^i^^^g ^ stands for the subject, 



(2) All R is P, C ^ f^^ ^^^ reason, and P for the 



(3; Is^Risnon^P, ) predicate. 



The subject and piedicate comUined tog-eiher constitute a 

 proposition, e.g.. This hill ( subject i is fiery (piedicate). A propo- 

 sition which is offered foi- proof is a thesis. 



Fallacies of the ^ 7^'^ undermentioned nine types 



Thesis, thesis are fallacious : 



1. Thesis inconsistent with perception, ^ C^oi'^^*^?^ 



q^q-q 



, e.g 



Sound is inaudible.? 

 2. Thesis inconsistent with inference, ^^'^'^^^'^^ 



^^(srq 



, ^-g- 



A pot is eternal. 

 3. Thesis inconsistent with tbe public understanding 



Man's head is pure, 



Because it is the limb of an animate being, 



4, Thesis inconsistent with one's belief or doctrine, 

 ^^'Wq^'^^-^'CI^ eg. 



