Vol. Ill, No. 9.] Nynya^pravesa. 615 



Sound is eternal. 

 Because it is incorporeal, 

 Whatever is iucorporeal is eternal, 

 Like intelligence. 



Here intellis*ence cannot serve ns an example because it is not 

 homogeneous with the ''eternal " which is the predicate. This is 

 called the fallacy of excluded predicate. 



3. When an example is homogeneous with neither the leason 



nor the predicate, ^'J^'^:a^'c5^'^'gq'q^ e.g. 



Sound is eternal. 

 Because it is incorporeal, 

 Whatever is incorporeal is eternal, 

 Like a pot. 



Here the pot cannot serve as an example because it is homo- 

 geneous with neirher (he "incorporeal" which is the reason, nor 

 the "eternal " which is the p?*edicate. This is called the fallacy 

 of excluded reason and predicate. 



When there is an absence of connection between the i*ea- 



son and the predicate, ^^"^'^^'^"^S"^, ^•.9- 



This person is full of passions, 

 Because he is a speaker. 

 Whoever is a speaker is full of passions, 

 Like a cert^nn man in Magadha- 



This Is called the fallacy of the absence of coimection. 



5. Wlien there is an inverted connection between the reason 



and the predicate, ^^'g'^g'^'S^^j'S-GI^'q, e.y 



Sonnd is adventitious, 

 Because it is non-eternal, 



Whatever is non-eternal, is adventitious, 

 Like a pot. 



This is called the inverted affirmation of the example. 



Fallacies of the hetero- Fallacies of the heterogeneous ex 



geneous example, ample occur 



cB^'sq-^^^j-^q- 



^^•^jcq- 



