628 



Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [December, 1907, 



In this reasoning "adventitious/* whicli is the middle term, 

 covers "soand," which is the minor term. 



2. ^^3j'q^-|q]^'|s>^-q'SJ'2^'q^'£^'q-2^c:- 1 ] 



All things denoted by the middle term i 

 with things denoted by the major term, e,g. : 



In the above reasoning " all adventitious things 

 eternal as a pot/' 



are non- 



3. 3^'5i5j^'q^-gq]^'q-S2^'q-|^^^^ ] | 



None of the things denoted by the middle term must be hetero- 

 geneous from things denoted by the major term, e g. : 



In the above reasoning *' no adventitious thing is non-non- 

 ctemal (i.e., eternal) or no non-non-eternal (^^e., eternal) thing is 

 adventitious as ether. 



If we suppose the minor term or subject to be S, the middle 

 term or reason to be R, and tbe major term or predicate to be P, 

 then the above-mentioned three cbaracteristics may be symbolically 

 set forth as follows : — 



w M 



1. AH S is R , or simply, S is R. 



2. All R is P , or simply, R is P. 



3. No non-P is R , or , No R is non-P. 



F 



w 



There are nine possible relations between the middle term and 

 the major term. Dignaga has examined them all and found that 

 only two of them conform to the above three characteristics, while 

 the rest violate one or more of the characteristics. The nine pos- 

 sible relations are set forth in the following diagram: 



